{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:46:57Z","timestamp":1768276017839,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1398-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T19:47:45Z","timestamp":1464119265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Hybrid management, organizational configuration, and medical professionalism: evidence from the establishment of a clinical directorate in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137384935_20","volume-title":"The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance","author":"I Kirkpatrick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick I, Hartly K, Kuhlmann E, Veronesi G. Clinical Management and Professionalism. In: Kuhlmann E, Blank RH, Bourgeault IL, Wendt C, editors. The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan; 2015. p. 325\u201340."},{"issue":"421","key":"1398_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"I Spehar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Spehar I, Frich JC, Kjekshus LE. Clinicians\u2019 experiences of becoming a clinical manager: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12(421):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1398_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/0011392111402584","volume":"59","author":"D Muzio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muzio D, Kirkpatick I. Introduction: Professions and organizations \u2013 a conceptual framework. Curr Sociol. 2011;59(4):389\u2013405.","journal-title":"Curr Sociol"},{"key":"1398_CR4","volume-title":"Managing Change and Role Enactment in the Professionalised Organisation","author":"L Fitzgerald","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fitzgerald L, Ferlie E. Managing Change and Role Enactment in the Professionalised Organisation. London: NCCSDO; 2006."},{"key":"1398_CR5","volume-title":"Improving the Effectiveness Of Health Services: The Importance Of Generating Greater Medical Engagement in Leadership","author":"J Clark","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clark J. Improving the Effectiveness Of Health Services: The Importance Of Generating Greater Medical Engagement in Leadership. Coventry: NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement; 2006."},{"key":"1398_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-7-64","volume":"7","author":"T Plochg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Plochg T, Klazinga NS, Starfield B. Transforming medical professionalism to fit changing health needs. BMC Med. 2009;7:64.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"1398_CR7","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Leadership in the Public Sector","author":"M Dent","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dent M, Kirkpatrick I, Neogy I. Medical leadership & management reforms in hospitals. In: Teelken C, Ferlie E, Dent M, editors. Leadership in the Public Sector. London: Routledge; 2012. p. 104\u201325."},{"key":"1398_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bode I, Dent M. Converging hybrid worlds? Medicine and hospital management in Europe. International J Public Sector Manag. 2014;27(5). http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full\/10.1108\/IJPSM-01-2013-0011 .","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPSM-01-2013-0011"},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/padm.12175","volume":"93","author":"J-L Denis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Denis J-L, Ferlie E, Van Gestel N. Understanding hybridity in Public Organizations. Public Admin. 2015;93(2):273\u201389.","journal-title":"Public Admin"},{"issue":"5","key":"1398_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPSM-12-2012-0162","volume":"27","author":"H Byrkjeflot","year":"2014","unstructured":"Byrkjeflot H, Jespersen PK. Three conceptualizations of hybrid management in hospitals. Int J Public Sector Manag. 2014;27(5):441\u201358.","journal-title":"Int J Public Sector Manag"},{"issue":"7","key":"1398_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840612445116","volume":"33","author":"G Currie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Currie G, Lockett A, Finn R, Martin G, Waring J. Institutional work to maintain professional power: recreating the model of medical professionalism. Organ Stud. 2012;33(7):937\u201362.","journal-title":"Organ Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"1398_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2005.0096","volume":"48","author":"S Timmermans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Timmermans S. From Autonomy to Accountability: the role of clinical practice guidelines in professional power. Perspect Biol Med. 2005;48(4):490\u2013501.","journal-title":"Perspect Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR13","first-page":"111","volume":"9","author":"H Davies","year":"2000","unstructured":"Davies H, Nutley S, Mannion R. Organisational culture and quality of health care. BMJ Qual Saf. 2000;9(2):111\u20139.","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"1398_CR14","volume-title":"Modernising Governance","author":"J Newman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Newman J. Modernising Governance. London: Sage; 2001."},{"key":"1398_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt9qgpf1.7","volume-title":"Rethinking professional governance","author":"V Burau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Burau V, Vrangb\u00e6k K. Global markets and national pathways of medical re-regulation. In: Kuhlmann E, Saks M, editors. Rethinking professional governance. Bristol: Policy Press; 2008. p. 29\u201344."},{"key":"1398_CR16","first-page":"170","volume-title":"The Hospital in Modern Society","author":"NE Goss","year":"1963","unstructured":"Goss NE. Patterns of bureaucracy among hospital staff physicians. In: Freidson E, editor. The Hospital in Modern Society. NY: Free Press; 1963. p. 170\u201394."},{"key":"1398_CR17","volume-title":"The Structuring of Organizations","author":"H Mintzberg","year":"1979","unstructured":"Mintzberg H. The Structuring of Organizations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1979."},{"key":"1398_CR18","volume-title":"Structure in Fives: designing effective organizations","author":"H Mintzberg","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mintzberg H. Structure in Fives: designing effective organizations. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; 1983."},{"key":"1398_CR19","volume-title":"Professionalism Reborn: Theory, Prophecy and Policy","author":"E Freidson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Freidson E. Professionalism Reborn: Theory, Prophecy and Policy. Cambridge: Polity Press; 1994."},{"key":"1398_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt9qgpf1.6","volume-title":"Rethinking professional governance","author":"J Allsop","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allsop J, Jones. Protecting patients: international trends in medical governance. In: Kuhlmann E, Saks M, editors. Rethinking professional governance. Bristol: Policy Press; 2008. p. 15\u201328."},{"key":"1398_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt9qgpf1.9","volume-title":"Rethinking professional governance","author":"M Calnan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Calnan M, Rowe R. Trust relations and changing professional governance: theoretical challenges. In: Kuhlmann E, Saks M, editors. Rethinking professional governance. Bristol: Policy Press; 2008. p. 61\u201376."},{"key":"1398_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-7494(01)00041-1","volume":"4","author":"G Gruening","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gruening G. Origin and theoretical basis of New Public Management. Int Public Manag J. 2001;4:1\u201325.","journal-title":"Int Public Manag J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1398_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1108\/09534810910997023","volume":"22","author":"M Brunton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brunton M, Matheny J. Divergent acceptance of change in a public health organization. J Organ Change Manag. 2009;22(6):600\u201319.","journal-title":"J Organ Change Manag"},{"key":"1398_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840604046349","volume":"25","author":"T McNulty","year":"2004","unstructured":"McNulty T, Ferlie E. Process transformation: Limitations to radical organizational change within public service organizations. Organ Stud. 2004;25:1389\u2013412.","journal-title":"Organ Stud"},{"key":"1398_CR25","volume-title":"Professionals and the New Managerialism in the Public Sector","author":"M Exworthy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Exworthy M, Halford S. Professionals and the New Managerialism in the Public Sector. Buckingham: Open University Press; 1999."},{"issue":"5","key":"1398_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2009.01157.x","volume":"31","author":"I Kirkpatrick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick I, Jespersen PK, Dent M, Neogy I. Medicine and Management in a Comparative Perspective: The Cases of England and Denmark. Sociol Health Illn. 2009;31(5):642\u201358.","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"issue":"4","key":"1398_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2011.01393.x","volume":"34","author":"D Numerato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Numerato D, Salvatore D, Fattore G. The impact of management on medical professionalism: a review. Sociol Health Illn. 2012;34(4):626\u201344.","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"1398_CR28","volume-title":"Medicine in management - lessons across Europe (report)","author":"I Neogy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Neogy I, Kirkpatrick I. Medicine in management - lessons across Europe (report). Leeds: Centre for Innovation in Health Management; 2009."},{"key":"1398_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-8231(01)02028-6","volume":"2","author":"K Montgomery","year":"2001","unstructured":"Montgomery K. Physician executives: the evolution and impact of a hybrid profession. Adv Health Care Manag. 2001;2:215\u201341.","journal-title":"Adv Health Care Manag"},{"key":"1398_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-251","volume":"14","author":"I Spehar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spehar I, Frich JC, Kjekshus LE. Clinicians in management: a qualitative study of managers\u2019 use of influence strategies in hospitals. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:251.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1398_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.959","volume":"24","author":"J Edmonstone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Edmonstone J. Clinical leadership: the elephant in the room. Int J Health Plann Manag. 2009;24(4):290\u2013305.","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manag"},{"key":"1398_CR32","first-page":"61","volume":"2","author":"J Postma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postma J, Oldenhof L, Putters K. Organized professionalism in healthcare: articulation work by neighborhood nurses. J Prof Organ. 2015;2:61\u201377.","journal-title":"J Prof Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1398_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819052801778","volume":"10","author":"J Braithwaite","year":"2005","unstructured":"Braithwaite J, Westbrook M. Rethinking clinical organizational structures: an attitude survey of doctors, nurses and allied health staff in clinical directorates. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1):10\u20137.","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"key":"1398_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/095148489300600404","volume":"6","author":"J Burgoyne","year":"1993","unstructured":"Burgoyne J, Lorbieckie A. Clinicians into management: the experience in context. Health Serv Manage Res. 1993;6:248\u201359.","journal-title":"Health Serv Manage Res"},{"key":"1398_CR35","first-page":"160","volume":"16","author":"P Degeling","year":"1993","unstructured":"Degeling P. Constituting management means more than creating hierarchy and providing information. Aust Health Rev. 1993;16:160\u20138.","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1398_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.5465\/AMJ.2005.15993150","volume":"48","author":"E Ferlie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferlie E, Fitzgerald L, Wood M, Hawkins C. The Nonspread of Innovations: The Mediating Role of Professionals. Acad Manage J. 2013;48(1):117\u201334.","journal-title":"Acad Manage J"},{"key":"1398_CR37","unstructured":"Noordegraaf M. Reconfiguring Professional Work: Changing Forms of Professionalism in Public Services. Admin Soc. 2013;6."},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840607088151","volume":"29","author":"R Scott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scott R. Lords of the dance: Professionals as institutional agents. Organ Stud. 2008;29(2):219\u201338.","journal-title":"Organ Stud"},{"key":"1398_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.12030","volume":"24","author":"I Kirkpatrick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick I, Bullinger B, Lega F, Dent M. The Translation of Hospital Management Models in European Health Systems: a framework for comparison. Br J Manag. 2013;24:48\u201361.","journal-title":"Br J Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/padm.12119","volume":"93","author":"G McGivern","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGivern G, Currie G, Ferlie E, Fitzgerald L, Waring J. Hybrid Manager-professionals\u2019 identity work: the maintenance and hybridization of medical professional in managerial contexts. Public Admin. 2015;93(2):412\u201332.","journal-title":"Public Admin"},{"key":"1398_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhlmann E, Burau V, Correia T, Lewandowski R, Lionis C, Noordegraaf M, Repullo J. A manager in the minds of doctors: a comparison of new modes of control in European hospitals. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13(246).","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-246"},{"issue":"4","key":"1398_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1177\/0018726708091018","volume":"61","author":"G Currie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Currie G, Finn R, Martin G. Accounting for the \u2018dark side\u2019 of new organizational forms: The case of healthcare professionals. Hum Relat. 2008;61(4):539\u201364.","journal-title":"Hum Relat"},{"key":"1398_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aos.2006.03.003","volume":"31","author":"D Cooper","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cooper D, Robson K. Accounting, professions and regulation: locating the sites of professionalization. Account Org Soc. 2006;31:415\u201344.","journal-title":"Account Org Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1398_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5172\/hesr.2013.22.3.255","volume":"22","author":"T Correia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Correia T. The interplay between managerialism and medical professionalism in hospital organizations from the doctors\u2019 perspective: a comparison of two distinctive medical units. Health Sociol Rev. 2013;22(3):255\u201367.","journal-title":"Health Sociol Rev"},{"key":"1398_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137487001_9","volume-title":"Professionalism, managerialism and reform in higher education and the health services","author":"T Correia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Correia T, Carapinheiro G, Serra H. The State and medicine in the governance of health care in Portugal. In: Carvalho T, Santiago R, editors. Professionalism, managerialism and reform in higher education and the health services. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan; 2015. p. 151\u201371."},{"key":"1398_CR46","first-page":"573","volume":"2","author":"T Correia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Correia T. New Public Management in the Portuguese health sector: a comprehensive reading. Sociologia Online. 2011;2:573\u201398.","journal-title":"Sociologia Online"},{"key":"1398_CR47","volume-title":"Centros de Responsabilidade \u2013 revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica da literatura: do conceito \u00e0 realidade","author":"J Freire","year":"2014","unstructured":"Freire J. Centros de Responsabilidade \u2013 revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica da literatura: do conceito \u00e0 realidade. Lisboa: Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa; 2014."},{"key":"1398_CR48","unstructured":"Government of Portugal. Decree-law n.374\/99, Lisbon. 1999."},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459309353297","volume":"14","author":"H Serra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Serra H. Medical Tecnhocracies in Liver transplantation: drawing boundaries in medical practices. Health. 2010;14(2):162\u201377.","journal-title":"Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1398_CR50","first-page":"731","volume":"10","author":"I Kirkpatrick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick I, Ackroyd S. Archetype Theory and the changing professional organization: a critique and alternative. Org. 2003;10(4):731\u201350.","journal-title":"Org"},{"key":"1398_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511596605","volume-title":"Actors and agency in Institutional Studies of Organizations","author":"T Lawrence","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lawrence T, Suddaby R, Leca B. Actors and agency in Institutional Studies of Organizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2009."}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-016-1398-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T19:36:22Z","timestamp":1567971382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-016-1398-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-016-1398-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"article-number":"161"}}