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Several strategies were applied to select the best count fit model that includes the Poisson regression model, zero-inflated Poisson, the negative binomial regression model, and zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. A random hospital effects term has been incorporated into the negative binomial model to examine the dependence between observations within the same hospital. A multivariable analysis has been performed to assess the effect of covariates on length of stay.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The median length of stay in our study was 11\u2009days (interquartile range: 6\u201322). Statistical comparisons among the count models revealed that the random-effects negative binomial models provided the best fit with observed data. Admissions among males or admissions associated with TB infection, pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, or mycobacterium disease exhibit a highly significant increase in length of stay. Perfect trends were observed in which a higher number of diagnoses or procedures lead to significantly higher length of stay. The random-effects term included in our model and refers to unexplained factors specific to each hospital revealed obvious differences in quality among the hospitals included in our study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study provides a comprehensive approach to address unique problems associated with the prediction of length of stay among HIV patients in Portugal.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06389-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T12:22:32Z","timestamp":1619007752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Statistical models for analyzing count data: predictors of length of stay among HIV patients in Portugal using a multilevel model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8483-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Nabil","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Peleteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Rosario O.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6389_CR1","first-page":"46","volume":"3","author":"T Parsons III","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parsons T III. 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The national legislations provide that, as a principle, health data must be anonymized for secondary use. Under Portuguese national laws and legislations, it is mandatory to inform the patient of the content of the electronic health records and their rights before the electronic health records are put in place. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. The data obtained from the ACSS is anonymous and confidential, in which the authors cannot identify any subject on that database, in accordance with the national legislation, the institutional requirements, and the Portuguese National Authority of Data Protection for the creation of an individual database.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"372"}}