{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:03:19Z","timestamp":1791201799913,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223499_Z_21_Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223499_Z_21_Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multimorbidity is common at cancer diagnosis, and both cancer and its treatment can lead to new long-term conditions. However, evidence on the prevalence of multimorbidity, particularly mental-physical multimorbidity, at both diagnosis and five years after cancer diagnosis remains limited. This study describes the prevalence of, and factors associated with, non-cancer multimorbidity in people newly diagnosed with cancer and those living with and beyond cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study of people aged 18 years and older diagnosed with, or surviving five years with one of breast, prostate, colorectal or lung cancer in 2018. For 46 long-term conditions, multimorbidity (\u2265\u20092 non-cancer conditions), mental-physical multimorbidity (\u2265\u20091 non-cancer physical and \u2265\u20091 mental health condition) and condition count (0 - \u22656 non-cancer conditions) were measured in incident and survivor cohorts, and examined by age, sex, deprivation and ethnicity. Odds of multimorbidity by cancer type was calculated using logistic regression, stratified by sex and adjusted for age, deprivation and ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis included 33,258 people with incident cancer and 16,807 people living with and beyond cancer (PLWBC). Multimorbidity ranged from 60 to 86% at cancer diagnosis to 70\u201390% in PLWBC, dependent on cancer type. Less than 20% had no additional long-term conditions at diagnosis (&lt;\u20095.3% in lung cancer specifically) and less than 15% in PLWBC (&lt;\u20092.3% in lung cancer). Mental-physical multimorbidity affected 24\u201339% at diagnosis and 27\u201344% in PLWBC. Both types of multimorbidity were higher in those living in the most deprived areas across all age groups. Compared with colorectal cancer, people with lung cancer had higher odds of multimorbidity at both diagnosis (in women adjusted OR 2.15 95%CI 1.86\u20132.49; in men aOR 1.71 95%CI 1.50\u20131.94) and in PLWBC (in women aOR 2.11 95%CI 1.45\u20133.12; in men, aOR 2.20 95%CI 1.51\u20133.30), whereas women with breast cancer and men with prostate cancer had lower odds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most people with cancer have additional long-term conditions, with the highest prevalence in lung cancer. Clear socioeconomic inequalities in multimorbidity persist into survivorship. Cancer pathways need to ensure coordinated management of non-cancer long-term conditions between primary and secondary care across the whole cancer journey, from diagnosis through treatment and into survivorship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-026-05274-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:43:42Z","timestamp":1791200622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-cancer multimorbidity in people diagnosed and living with and beyond cancer: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8111-3490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2707-2779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazir","family":"Lone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2067-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4191-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Guthrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-026-05274-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:43:43Z","timestamp":1791200623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12916-026-05274-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["5274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-026-05274-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Provision of anonymized data for research by the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) is approved annually by the NHS Research Ethics Service, and study specific NREC review is not required provided the study has been approved by the CPRD Independent Scientific Advisory Committee (ISAC). This study was reviewed by ISAC and approved (protocol 21_000542).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}