{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T03:30:49Z","timestamp":1770521449197,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The effect in a sialochemistry profile of the presence of usually available feed in dairy cows was evaluated by an in vitro experiment. For this purpose, a pooled clean saliva from five healthy dairy cows was incubated five times with a standard feed based on a total mixed ration (F), wheat hay (H), and grass (G). The salivary panel was integrated by biomarkers of stress (cortisol -sCor-, salivary alpha-amylase -sAA-, butyrylcholinesterase -BChE-, total esterase -TEA-, and lipase -Lip-), immunity (adenosine deaminase -ADA-), oxidative status (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity -TEAC-, the ferric reducing ability of saliva -FRAS-, the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity -CUPRAC-, uric acid, and advanced oxidation protein products -AOPP-), and enzymes, proteins, and minerals of general metabolism and\u00a0markers of liver, muscle, and renal damage (aspartate aminotransferase -AST-, alanine aminotransferase -ALP-, \u03b3-glutamyl transferase -gGT-, lactate dehydrogenase -LDH-, creatine kinase -CK-, creatinine, urea, triglycerides, glucose, lactate, total protein, phosphorus, and total calcium).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Most of the evaluated analytes showed a coefficient of variations (CV) higher than 15% and\/or significant changes compared with the clean saliva when feed was present. Some analytes, such as the oxidative status biomarkers (CV\u2009&gt;\u200980%), AST (CV\u2009&gt;\u200960%), or glucose (CV\u2009&gt;\u2009100%), showed significant changes with all the feed types tested. Others showed significant differences only with certain types of feed, such as LDH with F (CV\u2009&gt;\u200960%) or triglycerides with F (CV\u2009&gt;\u2009100%) and H (CV\u2009&gt;\u200995%). However, sCor or gGT remained unchanged (CV\u2009&lt;\u200915%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) in all the treatments.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The presence of feed can produce changes in most of the analytes measured in cows\u2019 saliva, being of high importance to consider this factor when saliva is used as a sample to avoid errors in the interpretation of the results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03371-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T07:02:58Z","timestamp":1657782178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Changes in salivary analytes in cows due to the in vitro presence of feed"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"M. D.","family":"Contreras-Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Vallejo-Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Cer\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. P.","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.i5470","volume":"179","author":"R Garc\u00eda Pinillos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda Pinillos R, Appleby MC, Manteca X, Scott-Park F, Smith C, Velarde A. One Welfare - A platform for improving human and animal welfare. Vet Rec. 2016;179:412\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.i5470.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"3371_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tvarijonaviciute A, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, L\u00f3pez-Jornet P, Lamy E. Saliva in Health and Disease The Present and Future of a Unique Sample for Diagnosis. 1st edition. Switzerland: Springer, Cham; 2020. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-37681-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37681-9"},{"key":"3371_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7685","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8444","volume":"97","author":"TA Burnett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burnett TA, Madureira AML, Silper BF, Nadalin A, Tahmasbi A, Veira DM, et al. Short communication: Factors affecting hair cortisol concentrations in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2014;97:7685\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2014-8444.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.05.007","volume":"75","author":"E Lamy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lamy E, Mau M. Saliva proteomics as an emerging, non-invasive tool to study livestock physiology, nutrition and diseases. J Proteomics. 2012;75:4251\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.05.007.","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"3371_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2015.05.010","volume":"109","author":"A Velarde","year":"2015","unstructured":"Velarde A, F\u00e0brega E, Blanco-Penedo I, Dalmau A. Animal welfare towards sustainability in pork meat production. Meat Sci. 2015;109:13\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meatsci.2015.05.010.","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)31783-6","volume":"14","author":"T Grandin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grandin T. Reducing Handling Stress Improves Both Productivity and Welfare. Prof Anim Sci. 1998;14:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Prof Anim Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13607","volume":"105","author":"D Cavallini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cavallini D, Mammi LME, Buonaiuto G, Palmonari A, Valle E, Formigoni A. Immune-metabolic-inflammatory markers in Holstein cows exposed to a nutritional and environmental stressing challenge. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2021;105:42\u201355.","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)"},{"key":"3371_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.019","volume":"124","author":"MD Contreras-Aguilar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar MD, Monkeviciene I, Ceron JJ, Silinskas I, Vallejo-Mateo PJ, Tecles F, et al. Biochemical changes in saliva of cows with inflammation: A pilot study. Res Vet Sci. 2019;124:383\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.019.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112078","volume":"10","author":"MD Contreras-Aguilar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar MD, Vallejo-Mateo PJ, \u017delvyt\u00e8 R, Tecles F, Rubio CP. Changes in Saliva Analytes Associated with Lameness in Cows: A Pilot Study. Animals. 2020;10:2078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10112078.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"3371_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar MD, Vallejo-mateo PJ, Lamy E, Cer JJ, Tecles F, Rubio CP. Changes in Saliva Analytes in Dairy Cows during Peripartum\u202f: A Pilot Study. Animals. 2021;11:749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani11030749.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030749"},{"key":"3371_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.s0022-0302(99)75474-3","volume":"82","author":"JK Drackley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Drackley JK. Biology of Dairy Cows During the Transition Period: the Final Frontier? J Dairy Sci. 2010;82:2259\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.s0022-0302(99)75474-3.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Strahler J, Skoluda N, Kappert MB, Nater UM. Simultaneous measurement of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase: Application and recommendations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;83 August:657\u201377. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.08.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.08.015"},{"key":"3371_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.01.006","volume":"129","author":"MD Contreras-Aguilar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar MD, Luisa M, Escribano D, Lamy E, Tecles F, Cer\u00f3n JJ. Effect of food contamination and collection material in the measurement of biomarkers in saliva of horses. Res Vet Sci. 2020;129:90\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.01.006.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s12014-008-9021-0","volume":"5","author":"M Sondej","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sondej M, Denny PA, Xie Y, Ramachandran P, Si Y, Takashima J, et al. Glycoprofiling of the Human Salivary Proteome. Clin Proteomics. 2009;5:52\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12014-008-9021-0.","journal-title":"Clin Proteomics"},{"key":"3371_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20795","volume":"20","author":"JA DeCaro","year":"2008","unstructured":"DeCaro JA. Methodological Considerations in the Use of Salivary \u03b1-Amylase as a Stress Marker in Field Research. Am J Hum Biol. 2008;20:617\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.20795.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"3371_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(00)00224-7","volume":"72","author":"M Leja","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leja M, Mareczek A, Starzy\u0144ska A, Rozek S. Antioxidant ability of broccoli flower buds during short-term storage. Food Chem. 2001;72:219\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0308-8146(00)00224-7.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"3371_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2010.12.009","volume":"65","author":"DS Arora","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arora DS, Sharma RK, Chandra P. Biodelignification of wheat straw and its effect on in vitro digestibility and antioxidant properties. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad. 2011;65:352\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibiod.2010.12.009.","journal-title":"Int Biodeterior Biodegrad"},{"key":"3371_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01538","volume":"5","author":"R Esfandi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Esfandi R, Walters ME, Tsopmo A. Antioxidant properties and potential mechanisms of hydrolyzed proteins and peptides from cereals. Heliyon. 2019;5: e01538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01538.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"3371_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-24442013000400003","volume":"49","author":"LAS Nunes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nunes LAS, De MDV. Saliva as a diagnostic fluid in sports medicine: Potential and limitations. J Bras Patol e Med Lab. 2013;49:247\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1676-24442013000400003.","journal-title":"J Bras Patol e Med Lab"},{"key":"3371_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Franco-Mart\u00ednez L, Peres CR, Contreras-Aguilar MD. Methodology Assays for the Salivary Biomarkers\u2019 Identification and Measurement. In: Saliva in Health and Disease The Present and Future of a Unique Sample for Diagnosis. 2020. p. 67\u201395. doi: doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-37681-9_4.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37681-9_4"},{"key":"3371_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar MD, G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda F. Salivary Glands\u2019 Anatomy and Physiology. In: Tvarijonaviciute A, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, L\u00f3pez-Jornet P, Lamy E, editors. Saliva in Health and Disease: The Present and Future of a Unique Sample for Diagnosis. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020. p. 3\u201321. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-37681-9_1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37681-9_1"},{"key":"3371_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02574-2","volume":"16","author":"MD Contreras-Aguilar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar MD, Tvarijonaviciute A, Monkeviciene I, Mart\u00edn-Cuervo M, Gonz\u00e1lez-Arostegui LG, Franco-Mart\u00ednez L, et al. Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions in four different species: An analytical and clinical validation pilot study. BMC Vet Res. 2020;16:384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-020-02574-2.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"3371_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.08.008","author":"L Franco-Martinez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Franco-Martinez L, Mu\u00f1oz-Prieto A, Contreras-aguilar MD, \u017delvyt\u0117 R, Monkevi\u010dien\u0117 I, Horvati\u0107 A, et al. Changes in saliva proteins in cows with mastitis: A proteomic approach. Res Vet Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.08.008.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR24","volume-title":"Manual de Pr\u00e1cticas de Anatom\u00eda Veterinaria: Sistemas Viscerales","author":"J V\u00e1zquez-Aut\u00f3n","year":"2002","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Aut\u00f3n J, Gil-Cano F, Latorre-Reviriego R, Ram\u00edrez-Zarzosa G, L\u00f3pez-Albors O, Ayala-Florenciano M, et al. Manual de Pr\u00e1cticas de Anatom\u00eda Veterinaria: Sistemas Viscerales. 1st ed. Murcia: Diego Mar\u00edn; 2002.","edition":"1"},{"key":"3371_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(84)81501-5","volume":"67","author":"CT Araki","year":"1984","unstructured":"Araki CT, Nakamura RM, Kam LWG, Clarke N. Effect of Lactation on Diurnal Temperature Patterns of Dairy Cattle in Hot Environments. J Dairy Sci. 1984;67:1752\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(84)81501-5.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.2001.0465","volume":"70","author":"F Tecles","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tecles F, Cer\u00f3n JJ. Determination of whole blood cholinesterase in different animal species using specific substrates. Res Vet Sci. 2001;70:233\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/rvsc.2001.0465.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.04.007","volume":"114","author":"F Tecles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tecles F, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Mart\u00ednez-Mir\u00f3 S, Tvarijonaviciute A, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, Escribano D, et al. Total esterase measurement in saliva of pigs: Validation of an automated assay, characterization and changes in stress and disease conditions. Res Vet Sci. 2017;114:170\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.04.007.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rubio CP, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Quiles A, L\u00f3pez-Arjona M, Cer\u00f3n JJ, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, et al. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva of sheep: Analytical performance and changes after an experimentally induced stress. Res Vet Sci. 2019;123. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.12.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.12.015"},{"key":"3371_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.12.004","volume":"34","author":"N Rohleder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rohleder N, Nater UM. Determinants of salivary \u03b1-amylase in humans and methodological considerations. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34:469\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.12.004.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3371_CR30","volume-title":"Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation","author":"Food and Drug Administration","year":"2001","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation. U.S.: Department of Health and Human Services; 2001."}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03371-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03371-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03371-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T07:06:00Z","timestamp":1657782360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03371-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03371-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Bioethical Committee (\u201cComit\u00e9 \u00c9tico de Experimentaci\u00f3n Animal\u201d, CEEA) from Murcia University (Spain) with the number 171\/2015 approved this study. The experimental protocol followed the European Directive 2010\/63\/EU concerning the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"275"}}