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Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This investigation assessed the effects of high dietary inclusion of Spirulina (<jats:italic>Arthrospira platensis<\/jats:italic>) on broiler chicken growth performance, meat quality and nutritional attributes. For this, 120 male broiler chicks were housed in 40 battery brooders (three birds per brooder). Initially, for 14 days, a standard corn and soybean meal diet was administered. Subsequently, from days 14 to 35, chicks were assigned to one of the four dietary treatments (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910 per treatment): (1) control diet (CTR); (2) diet with 15% Spirulina (SP); (3) diet with 15% extruded Spirulina (SPE); and (4) diet with 15% Spirulina plus a super-dosing enzymes supplement (0.20% pancreatin extract and 0.01% lysozyme) (SPM).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Throughout the experimental period, both SP and SPM diets resulted in decreased final body weight and body weight gain compared to control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with the SPE diet showing comparable results to CTR. The SPE diet prompted an increase in average daily feed intake (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026). However, all microalga treatments increased the feed conversion ratio compared to CTR. Dietary inclusion of Spirulina notably increased intestinal content viscosity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.010), which was mitigated by the SPM diet. Spirulina supplementation led to lower pH levels in breast meat 24\u00a0h <jats:italic>post-mortem<\/jats:italic> and heightened the b* colour value in both breast and thigh meats (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.010). Furthermore, Spirulina contributed to an increased accumulation of total carotenoids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA), while diminishing n-6 PUFA, thus altering the n-6\/n-3 and PUFA\/SFA ratios favourably (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). However, it also reduced zinc concentration in breast meat (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The findings indicate that high Spirulina levels in broiler diets impair growth due to increased intestinal viscosity, and that extrusion pre-treatment mitigates this effect. Despite reducing digesta viscosity, a super-dosing enzyme mix did not improve growth. Data also indicates that Spirulina enriches meat with antioxidants and n-3 PUFA but reduces \u03b1-tocopherol and increases saturated fats. Reduced zinc content in meat suggests the need for Spirulina biofortification to maintain its nutritional value.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04027-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T07:02:49Z","timestamp":1714978969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effects of high dietary inclusion of Arthrospira platensis, either extruded or supplemented with a super-dosing multi-enzyme mixture, on broiler growth performance and major meat quality parameters"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"M\u00f3nica M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria P.","family":"Sp\u00ednola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Pestana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o C.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia F.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina M.","family":"Alfaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniela F. 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All protocols applied in the trial were examined by the Ethics Commission of CIISA\/FMV and approved by the Animal Care Committee of the National Veterinary Authority (Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e Veterin\u00e1ria, Portugal). The specific guidelines outlined in the European Union legislation [] were strictly executed for all the procedures.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"176"}}