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Key inclusion criteria were infection with COVID-19 between March 16, 2022, and Oct 30, 2023, age\u2009\u2265\u200918 years, previous asthma diagnosis, and prescription history of an asthma medication. Outcomes included acute and post-acute mortality, post-acute all-cause hospitalization, and cause-specific hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>1,745 patients were eligible for this study, with a median follow-up time of 365 days (IQR: 335\u2013365). Patients in the nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir group had significantly lower risks of acute inpatient death (HR, 0\u00b727 [95% CI, 0\u00b712 to 0\u00b759]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090\u00b70011), post-acute inpatient death (HR, 0\u00b749 [95% CI, 0\u00b728 to 0\u00b785]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090\u00b7011), all-cause hospitalization (HR, 0\u00b772 [95% CI, 0\u00b758 to 0\u00b789]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090\u00b70020), and myocardial infarction (HR, 0\u00b710 [95% CI, 0\u00b701 to 0\u00b792]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090\u00b7042) than patients in the control group. The risk of all-cause hospitalization was significantly lower in the nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir group compared to the molnupiravir group (HR, 0\u00b765 [95% CI, 0\u00b752 to 0\u00b781]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090\u00b700012). Among patients who were prescribed medium-\/ high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, the nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir group had a lower hazard of asthma exacerbation than the molnupiravir group (HR, 0\u00b758 [95% CI, 0\u00b735 to 0\u00b795]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Compared with molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir may offer more benefits in reducing the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 among asthma patients. In addition, the post-acute benefits of the antivirals were also demonstrated in patients with mild asthma, which have not been generally recommended in existing clinical management guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03156-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T18:29:15Z","timestamp":1740767355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Short- and long-term comparative effectiveness of nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir and molnupiravir in asthma patients: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Guozhang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate Ching Ching","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renee Wan Yi","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Tim","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conglu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carrie Ho Kwan","family":"Yam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsz Yu","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kehang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris Ka Pun","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S. 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