{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:57:32Z","timestamp":1774673852868,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00295\/2020 + UIDP\/00295\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00295\/2020 + UIDP\/00295\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04008\/2020 +UIDP\/04008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04008\/2020 +UIDP\/04008\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Health Geogr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-025-00396-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T10:51:23Z","timestamp":1746442283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identifying pharmacy gaps: a spatiotemporal study of multimodal accessibility throughout the day"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia M.","family":"Viana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Encalada-Abarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"396_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13094869","author":"F Alves","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alves F, Cruz S, Rother S, Strunk T. An application of the walkability index for elderly health\u2014WIEH. The case of the UNESCO Historic Centre of Porto, Portugal. Sustainability. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13094869.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"396_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00004010-200701000-00004","volume":"32","author":"JE Billi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Billi JE, Pai CW, Spahlinger DA. The effect of distance to primary care physician on health care utilization and disease burden. Health Care Manage Rev. 2007;32(1):22\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004010-200701000-00004.","journal-title":"Health Care Manage Rev"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"396_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2007.03.041","volume":"206","author":"CPD Birch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Birch CPD, Oom SP, Beecham JA. Rectangular and hexagonal grids used for observation, experiment, and simulation in ecology. Ecol Model. 2007;206(3\u20134):347\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2007.03.041.","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"issue":"4","key":"396_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2012.03.007","volume":"18","author":"L Bissonnette","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bissonnette L, Wilson K, Bell S, Shah TI. Neighbourhoods and potential access to health care: the role of spatial and aspatial factors. Health Place. 2012;18(4):841\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2012.03.007.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"1","key":"396_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/19186444.2020.1849937","volume":"13","author":"A Boakye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boakye A, Olumide OB. The role of internet of things to support health services in rural communities. A case study of Ghana and Sierra Leone. Trans Corporat Rev. 2021;13(1):43\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19186444.2020.1849937.","journal-title":"Trans Corporat Rev"},{"key":"396_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10050321","author":"AE Capodici","year":"2021","unstructured":"Capodici AE, Dorso G, Migliore M. A GIS-based methodology for evaluating the increase in multimodal transport between bicycle and rail transport systems. A case study in Palermo. IJGI. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi10050321.","journal-title":"IJGI"},{"key":"396_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2020.100911","volume":"19","author":"G Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen G, Wang CC, Jin P, Xia B, Xiao L, Chen S, Luo J. Evaluation of healthcare inequity for older adults: a spatio-temporal perspective. J Transp Health. 2020;19: 100911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jth.2020.100911.","journal-title":"J Transp Health"},{"issue":"18","key":"396_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9598","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189598","volume":"18","author":"M Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng M, Tao L, Lian Y, Huang W. Measuring spatial accessibility of urban medical facilities: a case study in Changning District of Shanghai in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18189598.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"396_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-12902020200108","author":"EM Costa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Costa EM, et al. Geographies of primary healthcare access for older adults in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal \u2013 a territory of differences. Saude Soc. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0104-12902020200108.","journal-title":"Saude Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"396_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2011.02.005","volume":"35","author":"M Delafontaine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delafontaine M, Neutens T, Schwanen T, Van de Weghe N. The impact of opening hours on the equity of individual space\u2013time accessibility. Comput Environ Urban Syst. 2011;35(4):29\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2011.02.005.","journal-title":"Comput Environ Urban Syst"},{"key":"396_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2011.12.001","volume":"20","author":"E Delmelle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Delmelle E, Casas I. Evaluating the spatial equity of bus rapid transit-based accessibility patterns in a developing country: the case of Cali, Colombia. Transp Policy. 2012;20:36\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tranpol.2011.12.001.","journal-title":"Transp Policy"},{"key":"396_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2015.06.011","volume":"143","author":"CC Dony","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dony CC, Delmelle EM, Delmelle EC. Re-conceptualizing accessibility to parks in multi-modal cities: a Variable-width Floating Catchment Area (VFCA) method. Landsc Urban Plan. 2015;143:90\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2015.06.011.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"396_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2014.06.012","volume":"53","author":"S Farber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farber S, Morang MZ, Widener MJ. Temporal variability in transit-based accessibility to supermarkets. Appl Geogr. 2014;53:149\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeog.2014.06.012.","journal-title":"Appl Geogr"},{"key":"396_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-5-16","volume":"5","author":"DL Fone","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fone DL, Christie S, Lester N. Comparison of perceived and modelled geographical access to accident and emergency departments: a cross-sectional analysis from the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs Study. Int J Health Geogr. 2006;5:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-072X-5-16.","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"396_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2016.11.004","volume":"3","author":"LD Frank","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frank LD, Giles-Corti B, Ewing R. The influence of the built environment on transport and health. J Transp Health. 2016;3(4):423\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jth.2016.11.004.","journal-title":"J Transp Health"},{"key":"396_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8977","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3049814","volume":"9","author":"X Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu X, Qiang Y, Wang J, Zhao X, Hwang F-J, Chen C-H. Urban public transport accessibility to medical services from the perspective of residents\u2019 travel: a hybrid assessment based on the whole process. IEEE Access. 2021;9:8977\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3049814.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"396_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-3-3","volume":"3","author":"MF Guagliardo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guagliardo MF. Spatial accessibility of primary care: concepts, methods and challenges. Int J Health Geogr. 2004;3(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-072X-3-3.","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"396_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gulliford M, Morgan M. (Eds.). Access to Health Care (1st ed.). Routledge. 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203867952","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203867952"},{"issue":"4","key":"396_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1931-0846.2015.12087.X","volume":"105","author":"SZ Ikram","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ikram SZ, Hu Y, Wang F. Disparities in spatial accessibility of pharmacies in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Geogr Rev. 2015;105(4):492\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1931-0846.2015.12087.X.","journal-title":"Geogr Rev"},{"key":"396_CR20","unstructured":"INE. XV Recenseamento Geral da Popula\u00e7\u00e3o. Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica. 2021."},{"issue":"7","key":"396_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.13228","volume":"28","author":"K Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim K, Horner MW. Assessing the effects of centroid assignment methods on measuring spatial accessibility. Trans GIS. 2024;28(7):2025\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tgis.13228.","journal-title":"Trans GIS"},{"key":"396_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2015.11.007","volume":"38","author":"M Lanford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lanford M, Higgs G, Fry R. Multi-modal two-step floating catchment area analysis of primary health care accessibility. Health Place. 2016;38:70\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2015.11.007.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"6","key":"396_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11060350","volume":"11","author":"M Langford","year":"2022","unstructured":"Langford M, Price A, Higgs G. Combining temporal and multi-modal approaches to better measure accessibility to banking services. ISPRS Int J Geo Inf. 2022;11(6):350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi11060350.","journal-title":"ISPRS Int J Geo Inf"},{"key":"396_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12544-021-00520-3","volume":"13","author":"C Lemonde","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lemonde C, Arsenio E, Henriques R. Integrative analysis of multimodal traffic data: addressing open challenges using big data analytics in the city of Lisbon. Eur Transp Res Rev. 2021;13:64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12544-021-00520-3.","journal-title":"Eur Transp Res Rev"},{"key":"396_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1007\/s11769-020-1127-y","volume":"30","author":"A Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li A, Chen J, Qian T, et al. Spatial accessibility to shopping malls in Nanjing, China: comparative analysis with multiple transportation modes. Chin Geogr Sci. 2020;30:710\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11769-020-1127-y.","journal-title":"Chin Geogr Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"396_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s12061-024-09575-w","volume":"17","author":"M Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li M, Wang H, Wang J, Zhou H, Li D. Gated or ungated? A case study on walkability measurement for urban communities. Appl Spat Anal Policy. 2024;17(3):1017\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12061-024-09575-w.","journal-title":"Appl Spat Anal Policy"},{"key":"396_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2018.01.010","volume":"107","author":"X Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li X, Guo J, Gao C, Su Z, Bao D, Zhang Z. Network-based transportation system analysis: a case study in a mountain city. Chaos Solitons Fractals. 2018;107:256\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chaos.2018.01.010.","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"issue":"3","key":"396_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOMS.0000032846.20676.94","volume":"28","author":"SJ Lin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lin SJ. Access to community pharmacies by the elderly in Illinois: a geographic information systems analysis. J Med Syst. 2004;28(3):301\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JOMS.0000032846.20676.94.","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"396_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-8564(99)00056-7","volume":"35","author":"A Lozano","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lozano A, Storchi G. Shortest viable path algorithm in multimodal networks. Transport Res Part A Policy Pract. 2001;35(3):225\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0965-8564(99)00056-7.","journal-title":"Transport Res Part A Policy Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"396_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1068\/b29120","volume":"30","author":"W Luo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Luo W, Wang F. Measures of spatial accessibility to healthcare in a GIS environment: synthesis and a case study in Chicago region. Environ Plann B Plann Des. 2003;30(6):865\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/b29120.","journal-title":"Environ Plann B Plann Des"},{"key":"396_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142738","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2944766","volume":"7","author":"J Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo J, Zhang W, Su J, Xiang F. Hexagonal convolutional neural networks for hexagonal grids. IEEE Access. 2019;7:142738\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2944766.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"396_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.08.008","volume":"24","author":"L Mao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mao L, Nekorchuk D. Measuring spatial accessibility to healthcare for populations with multiple transportation modes. Health Place. 2013;24:115\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.08.008.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"396_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.24.012902.141012","volume":"24","author":"SL McLafferty","year":"2003","unstructured":"McLafferty SL. GIS and health care. Annu Rev Public Health. 2003;24:25\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.24.012902.141012.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"396_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2147\/iprp.s107612","volume":"6","author":"B Melton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Melton B, Lai Z. Review of community pharmacy services: what is being performed, and where are the opportunities for improvement? IPRP. 2017;6:79\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/iprp.s107612.","journal-title":"IPRP"},{"issue":"4","key":"396_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1080\/01944363.2021.1877181","volume":"87","author":"LA Merlin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Merlin LA, Teoman D, Viola M, Vaughn H, Buehler R. Redrawing the planners\u2019 circle. J Am Plann Assoc. 2021;87(4):470\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01944363.2021.1877181.","journal-title":"J Am Plann Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"396_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2011.05.006","volume":"32","author":"T Neutens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Neutens T, Delafontaine M, Scott DM, De Maeyer P. A GIS-based method to identify spatio-temporal gaps in public service delivery. Appl Geogr. 2010;32(2):453\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeog.2011.05.006.","journal-title":"Appl Geogr"},{"issue":"7","key":"396_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2017.07.014","volume":"14","author":"M Padeiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Padeiro M. Geographical accessibility to community pharmacies by the elderly in metropolitan Lisbon. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2018;14(7):653\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2017.07.014.","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"key":"396_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198173","author":"P Pednekar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pednekar P, Peterson A. Mapping pharmacy deserts and determining accessibility to community pharmacy services for elderly enrolled in a State Pharmaceutical Assistance Program. PLoS ONE. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0198173.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"396_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/gean.12002","volume":"45","author":"RHM Pereira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pereira RHM, Nadalin V, Monasterio L, Albuquerque PHM. Urban centrality: a simple index. Geogr Anal. 2013;45(1):77\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gean.12002.","journal-title":"Geogr Anal"},{"issue":"5","key":"396_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2016.22.5.493","volume":"22","author":"S Pousinho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pousinho S, Morgado M, Falc\u00e3o A, Alves G. Pharmacist interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. JMCP. 2016;22(5):493\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2016.22.5.493.","journal-title":"JMCP"},{"issue":"11","key":"396_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.1397","volume":"33","author":"DM Qato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qato DM, Daviglus ML, Wilder J, Lee T, Qato D, Lambert B. \u2018Pharmacy deserts\u2019 are prevalent in chicago\u2019s predominantly minority communities. Raising Med Access Concerns Health Aff. 2014;33(11):1958\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.1397.","journal-title":"Raising Med Access Concerns Health Aff"},{"key":"396_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082752","author":"T Qian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qian T, Chen J, Li A, Wang J, Shen D. Evaluating spatial accessibility to general hospitals with navigation and social media location data: a case study in Nanjing. IJERPH. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17082752.","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"issue":"46","key":"396_CR43","first-page":"89","volume":"2023","author":"T Santos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santos T, Mendes RN, Juli\u00e3o RP. The potential of integrated transport modes: modelling the combined use of bicycles and train in Lisbon Portugal. CCT. 2023;2023(46):89\u2013106.","journal-title":"CCT"},{"issue":"5","key":"396_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.0209","volume":"29","author":"M Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith M, Bates DW, Bodenheimer T, Cleary PD. Why pharmacists belong in the medical home. Health Aff. 2010;29(5):906\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.0209.","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"396_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2019.01.007","volume":"75","author":"M St\u0119pniak","year":"2019","unstructured":"St\u0119pniak M, Pritchard JP, Geurs KT, Goliszek S. The impact of temporal resolution on public transport accessibility measurement: review and case study in Poland. J Transp Geogr. 2019;75:8\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2019.01.007.","journal-title":"J Transp Geogr"},{"key":"396_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a300595","author":"E Talen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Talen E, Anselin L. Assessing spatial equity: an evaluation of measures of accessibility to public playgrounds. Environ Plan A Econ Space. 1998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/a300595.","journal-title":"Environ Plan A Econ Space"},{"issue":"4","key":"396_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2013.08.005","volume":"10","author":"ECK Tan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tan ECK, Stewart K, Elliott RA, George J. Pharmacist consultations in general practice clinics: the Pharmacists in Practice Study (PIPS). Res Social Adm Pharm. 2014;10(4):623\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2013.08.005.","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"396_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-016-0240-z","volume":"19","author":"DS Vale","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vale DS, Ascens\u00e3o F, Raposo N, Figueiredo AP. Comparing access for all: disability-induced accessibility disparity in Lisbon. J Geogr Syst. 2017;19(1):43\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10109-016-0240-z.","journal-title":"J Geogr Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"396_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s42949-023-00133-w","volume":"3","author":"D Vale","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vale D, Lopes AS. Accessibility inequality across Europe: a comparison of 15-minute pedestrian accessibility in cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants. NPJ Urban Sustain. 2023;3(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42949-023-00133-w.","journal-title":"NPJ Urban Sustain"},{"issue":"2","key":"396_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2011.05.001","volume":"32","author":"N Wan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wan N, Zhan FB, Zou B, Chow E. A relative spatial access assessment approach for analyzing potential spatial access to colorectal cancer services in Texas. Appl Geogr. 2012;32(2):291\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeog.2011.05.001.","journal-title":"Appl Geogr"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"396_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-018-0110-1","volume":"109","author":"L Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang L, Ramroop S. Geographic disparities in accessing community pharmacies among vulnerable populations in the Greater Toronto Area. Can J Public Health. 2018;109(5\u20136):821\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17269\/s41997-018-0110-1.","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"396_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.845648","author":"J Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu J, Leung M, Ma G, Xia J. Older adults\u2019 access to and satisfaction with primary hospitals based on spatial and non-spatial analyses. Front Public Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.845648.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"25","key":"396_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8567","DOI":"10.1080\/10106049.2021.2002430","volume":"37","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng Y, gang, Zhang, H. sheng, Qi, K. tuo, & Ding, L. yu. Stripe segmentation of oceanic internal waves in SAR images based on SegNet. Geocarto Int. 2021;37(25):8567\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10106049.2021.2002430.","journal-title":"Geocarto Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"396_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9060394","volume":"9","author":"X Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou X, Yu Z, Yuan L, Wang L, Wu C. Measuring accessibility of healthcare facilities for populations with multiple transportation modes considering residential transportation mode choice. IJGI. 2020;9(6):394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi9060394.","journal-title":"IJGI"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Health Geographics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12942-025-00396-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12942-025-00396-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12942-025-00396-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T10:51:26Z","timestamp":1746442286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ij-healthgeographics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12942-025-00396-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12942-025-00396-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-072X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-072X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}