{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T03:10:37Z","timestamp":1777086637226,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Centrum f\u00f6r Idrottsforskning (CIF)","award":["P2015-0050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2015-0050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0464-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,14]],"date-time":"2017-01-14T11:55:46Z","timestamp":1484394946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Stirring the motivational soup: within-person latent profiles of motivation in exercise"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Magnus","family":"Lindwall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ivarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Weman-Josefsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linus","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Ntoumanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cecilie","family":"Th\u00f8gersen-Ntoumani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Markland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"464_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2003.tb00287.x","volume":"13","author":"M Fishbein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fishbein M, Yzer MC. Using theory to design effective health behavior interventions. Commun Theor. 2003;13:164\u201383.","journal-title":"Commun Theor"},{"key":"464_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2015.1019540","volume":"8","author":"J Lindahl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lindahl J, Stenling A, Lindwall M, Colliander C. Trends and knowledge Base in sport and exercise psychology research: A bibliometric review study. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2015;8:71\u201394.","journal-title":"Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"464_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2271-7","volume-title":"Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior","author":"EL Deci","year":"1985","unstructured":"Deci EL, Ryan RM. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press; 1985."},{"key":"464_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01","volume":"4","author":"EL Deci","year":"2000","unstructured":"Deci EL, Ryan RM. The \u201cwhat\u201d and \u201cwhy\u201d of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychol Inq. 2000;4:227\u201368.","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"key":"464_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vansteenkiste M, Niemiec C, Soenens B. The development of the five mini-theories of self-determination theory: An historical overview, emerging trends, and future directions. In Urdan T. Karabenick S, editors. The Decade Ahead: Theoretical Perspectives on Motivation and Achievement. UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited; 2010. p.105\u201365.","DOI":"10.1108\/S0749-7423(2010)000016A007"},{"key":"464_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.68","volume":"55","author":"RM Ryan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am Psychol. 2000;55:68\u201378.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"464_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/17509840701827437","volume":"1","author":"MS Hagger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hagger MS, Chatzisarantis NLD. Self-determination theory and the psychology of exercise. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008;1:79\u2013103.","journal-title":"Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"464_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612447309","volume":"7","author":"JYY Ng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ng JYY, Ntoumanis N, Thogersen-Ntoumani C, Deci EL, Ryan RM, Duda JL, Williams GC. Self-determination theory applied to health contexts: A meta-analysis. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2012;7(4):325\u201340.","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"464_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-9-78","volume":"9","author":"PJ Teixeira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teixeira PJ, Carraca EV, Markland D, Silva MN, Ryan RM. Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9:78.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"464_CR10","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology","author":"RJ Vallerand","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vallerand RJ. Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In: Zanna MP, editor. Advances in experimental social psychology. New York: Academic; 1997."},{"issue":"9","key":"464_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-9029.2006.00102.x","volume":"36","author":"J Edmunds","year":"2006","unstructured":"Edmunds J, Ntoumanis N, Duda JL. A test of self-determination theory in the exercise domain. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2006;36(9):2240\u201365.","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol"},{"key":"464_CR12","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport","author":"RM Ryan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ryan RM, Deci EL. Active human nature: Self-Determination theory and the promotion and maintenance of sport, exercise, and health. In: Hagger MS, Chatzisarantis NLD, editors. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2007. p. 1\u201319."},{"key":"464_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.02.034","volume":"84","author":"J Brunet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brunet J, Gunnell KE, Gaudreau P, Sabiston C. An integrative analytical framework for understanding the effects of autonomous and controlled motivation. Pers Ind Differ. 2015;84:2\u201315.","journal-title":"Pers Ind Differ"},{"issue":"2","key":"464_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036212","volume":"26","author":"E Chemolli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chemolli E, Gagn\u00e9 M. Evidence against the continuum structure underlying motivation measures derived from self-determination theory. Psychol Assessment. 2014;26(2):575\u201385.","journal-title":"Psychol Assessment"},{"key":"464_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.12.059","volume":"81","author":"KE Gunnell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gunnell KE, Gaudreau P. Testing a bi-factor model to disentangle general and specific factors of motivation in self-determination theory. Pers Ind Differ. 2015;81:35\u201340.","journal-title":"Pers Ind Differ"},{"key":"464_CR16","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Advances in Sport and Exercise Psychology Measurement","author":"RJ Vallerand","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vallerand RJ, Fortier MS. Measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: A review and critique. In: Duda JL, editor. Advances in Sport and Exercise Psychology Measurement. Morgantown: Fitness Information technology; 1998. p. 81\u2013101."},{"key":"464_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2014.878682","volume":"25","author":"H Patrick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patrick H. Ascending Mount Maslow With Oxygen to Spare: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective. Psychol Inq. 2014;25:101\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"key":"464_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2012.03.009","volume":"13","author":"PM Wilson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson PM, Sabiston CM, Mack DE, Blanchard CM. On the nature and function of scoring protocols used in exercise motivation research: An empirical study of the behavioral regulation in exercise questionnaire. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2012;13:614\u201322.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"464_CR19","first-page":"155","volume":"218","author":"LR Bergman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bergman LR, Andersson H. The person and the variable in developmental psychology. J Psychol. 2010;218(3):155\u201365.","journal-title":"J Psychol"},{"key":"464_CR20","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Self-determination theory in exercise and sport","author":"RJ Vallerand","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vallerand RJ. A hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for sport and physical activity. In: Hagger MSD, Chatzisarantis NLD, editors. Self-determination theory in exercise and sport. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2007. p. 255\u2013363."},{"issue":"101","key":"464_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015083","volume":"3","author":"M Vansteenkiste","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vansteenkiste M, Soenens B, Sierens E, Luyckx K, Lens W. Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: The quality of motivation matters. J Educ Psychol. 2009;3(101):671\u201388.","journal-title":"J Educ Psychol"},{"key":"464_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-008-9115-z","volume":"33","author":"N Gillet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gillet N, Vallerand RJ, Rosnet E. Motivational clusters and performance in a real-life setting. Motiv Emotion. 2009;33:49\u201362.","journal-title":"Motiv Emotion"},{"key":"464_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2013.01.005","volume":"14","author":"AE Cox","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cox AE, Ullrich-French S, Sabiston CM. Using motivation regulations in a person-centered approach to examine the link between social physique anxiety in physical education and physical activity-related outcomes in adolescents. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2013;14:461\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"464_CR24","first-page":"614","volume":"11","author":"A Granero-Gallegos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Granero-Gallegos A, Baena-Extremera A, P\u00e9rez-Quero FJ, Ortiz-Camacho MM, Bracho-Amador C. Analysis of motivational profiles of satisfaction and importance of physical education in high school adolescents. J Sports Sci Med. 2012;11:614\u201323.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"464_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/1356336X10381304","volume":"16","author":"L Haerens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haerens L, Kirk D, Cardon G, De Bordeaudhuij I, Vansteenkiste M. Motivational profiles for secondary school physical education and its relationship to the adoption of a physically active lifestyle among university students. Eur Phys Educ Rev. 2010;16(2):117\u201339.","journal-title":"Eur Phys Educ Rev"},{"key":"464_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1469-0292(01)00020-6","volume":"3","author":"N Ntoumanis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ntoumanis N. Motivational clusters in a sample of British physical education profiles. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2002;3:177\u201394.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"464_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5432\/ijshs.2.89","volume":"2","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matsumoto H, Takenaka K. Motivational profiles and stages of exercise behavior change. Int J Sport Health Sci. 2004;2:89\u201396.","journal-title":"Int J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"464_CR28","unstructured":"Guerin E. Fortier M. Motivational Profiles for Physical Activity: Cluster Analysis and Links with Enjoyment. Revue ph\u00e9nEPS\/PHEnex J. 2012;4:1\u201321."},{"key":"464_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-015-0059-2","volume":"3","author":"SA Friedrichs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Friedrichs SA, Bolman C, Oenema A, Lechner L. Profiling physical activity motivation based on self-determination theory: a cluster analysis approach. BMC Psychol. 2015;3:1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"464_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510902751010","volume":"16","author":"HW Marsh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marsh HW, Luedtke O, Trautwein U, Morin A. Classical latent profile analysis of academic self-concept dimensions: Synergy of person- and variable-centered approaches to theoretical models of self-concept. Struct Equ Modeling. 2009;16(2):191\u2013225.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"464_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2006.10.003","volume":"32","author":"DA Pastor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pastor DA, Barron KE, Miller BJ, Davis L. A latent profile analysis of college students\u2019 achievement goal orientation. Contemp Educ Psychol. 2007;32:8\u201347.","journal-title":"Contemp Educ Psychol"},{"key":"464_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.26.2.191","volume":"26","author":"D Markland","year":"2004","unstructured":"Markland D, Tobin VJ. A modification of the behavioral regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assesment of amotivation. J Sport Exerc. 2004;26:191\u20136.","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc"},{"key":"464_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-015-0226-0","volume":"12","author":"K Weman-Josefsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weman-Josefsson K, Lindwall M, Ivarsson A. Need satisfaction, motivational regulations andeExercise: Moderation and mediation effects. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12:67.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"464_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327841mpee1003_4","volume":"103","author":"SP Vlachopoulos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vlachopoulos SP, Michailidou S. Development and initial validation of a measure of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in exercise: The basic psychological needs in exercise scale. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2006;103:179\u2013201.","journal-title":"Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"464_CR35","first-page":"141","volume":"10","author":"G Godin","year":"1985","unstructured":"Godin G, Shephard RJ. A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1985;10(3):141\u20136.","journal-title":"Can J Appl Sport Sci"},{"key":"464_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199301000-00012","volume":"25","author":"DTR Jacobs","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jacobs DTR, Ainsworth BE, Hartman TJ, Leon AS. A simultaneous evaluation of 10 commonly used physical activity questionnaires. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25:81\u201391.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"464_CR37","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Field methods in cross-cultural research","author":"RW Brislin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Brislin RW. The wording and translation of research instruments. In: Berry WJLJW, editor. Field methods in cross-cultural research. Sage: Thousand Oaks; 1986. p. 137\u201364."},{"key":"464_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5657.001.0001","volume-title":"Protocol analysis: verbal reports as data","author":"K Ericsson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ericsson K, Simon H. Protocol analysis: verbal reports as data. 2nd ed. Boston: MIT Press; 1993.","edition":"2"},{"key":"464_CR39","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO. Mplus User's Guide. 7th ed. Los Angeles: Muth\u00e9n and Muth\u00e9n. (1998\u20132012)"},{"issue":"4","key":"464_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396","volume":"14","author":"KL Nylund","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nylund KL, Asparouhov T, Muth\u00e9n BO. Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Struct Equ Modeling. 2007;14(4):535\u201369.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"464_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510709336744","volume":"14","author":"JM Henson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Henson JM, Reise SP, Kim KH. Detecting mixtures from structural model differences using latent variable mixture modeling: A comparison of relative model fit statistics. Struct Equ Modeling. 2007;14:202\u201326.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"464_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2004.11.004","volume":"50","author":"C Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang C. Evaluating latent class analyses in qualitative phenotype identification. Comput Stat Data An. 2006;50:1090\u2013104.","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data An"},{"key":"464_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/88.3.767","volume":"88","author":"Y Lo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lo Y, Mendell N, Rubin D. Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika. 2001;88:767\u201378.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"464_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294568","volume":"64","author":"G Arminger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arminger G, Stein P, Wittenberg J. Mixtures of condition mean- and covariance\u2014structure models. Psychometrika. 1999;64:475\u201394.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"464_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2007.08.005","volume":"31","author":"AA Aldridge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aldridge AA, Roesch SC. Developing coping typologies of minority adolescents: A latent profile analysis. J Adolescence. 2008;31:499\u2013517.","journal-title":"J Adolescence"},{"issue":"3","key":"464_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181","volume":"21","author":"T Asparouhov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asparouhov T, Muth\u00e9n B. Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Three-step approaches using Mplus. Struct Equ Modeling. 2014;21(3):329\u201341.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"464_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2008.10.004","volume":"10","author":"F Gillison","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gillison F, Osborn M, Skevington S, Standage M. Exploring the experience of introjected regulation for exercise across gender in adolescence. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2009;10:309\u201319.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"464_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.9.1.69","volume":"9","author":"D Kendzierski","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kendzierski D. Exercise self-schemata: cognitive and behavioral correlates. Health Psychol. 1990;9:69\u201382.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"464_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2005.24.6.811","volume":"24","author":"D Markland","year":"2005","unstructured":"Markland D, Ryan RM, Tobin VJ, Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing and self-determination theory. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2005;24:811\u201331.","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"key":"464_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-9-23","volume":"9","author":"M Vansteenkiste","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vansteenkiste M, Williams GC, Resnicow K. Toward systematic integration between Self-Determination theory and Motivational Interviewing as examples of top-down and bottom-up intervention development: Autonomy or volition as a fundamental theoretical principle. Int J Beh Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9:23.","journal-title":"Int J Beh Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"464_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-9-19","volume":"9","author":"K Resnicow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Resnicow K, McMaster F. Motivational Interviewing: Moving from why to how with autonomy support. Int J Beh Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9:19.","journal-title":"Int J Beh Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"464_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008003649","volume":"12","author":"E Cerin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cerin E, Mackinnon DP. A commentary on current practice in mediating variable analyses in behavioural nutrition and physical activity. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12:1182\u20138.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12966-017-0464-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T01:02:18Z","timestamp":1601341338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12966-017-0464-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,14]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12966-017-0464-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5868","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,14]]},"article-number":"4"}}