{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T23:30:45Z","timestamp":1776209445232,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fourth EU Health Programme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orphanet J Rare Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Despite several publications covering patients from multiple centers, no international registry covered all patients with red blood cell diseases (RBCD) affected by COVID- 19. The ERN-EuroBloodNet's registry provided real-time registration of SARS-CoV- 2 patients with RBCD, promoting timely disease-specific knowledge sharing during the pandemic's early stages.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study evaluated patient distribution, the infection across different RBCDs, and severity risk factors across similar healthcare systems, using data collected from the ERN-EuroBloodNet's REDCap platform.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>From April 2020 to April 2023, 681 infections were recorded among 663 patients, of which 373 had transfusion-dependent thalassemia or non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT\/NTDT), and 269 had sickle cell disease (SCD). SCD patients had a higher incidence of COVID- 19 than those with TDT\/NTDT (10.5 vs. 4.8 COVID\/100 patients). Notably, 92% of the cases were mild, with neither age nor the specific RBCD affecting severity. The number of comorbidities, notably obesity and hypertension, that patients had prior to infection was associated with more severe COVID- 19. During the infection, the presence of vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome, kidney failure, and ground-glass opacities on chest tomography scans were associated with a more severe clinical picture. The vaccination rate (32%) mirrored that of the general population and showed a protective effect against severe COVID- 19. The observed mortality rate was 0.7%, aligning with Europe's general population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SARS-CoV- 2 infection in SCD and TDT\/NTDT patients is mild and without higher mortality than the general population. The ERN-Eurobloodnet\u2019s registry collaborative structure exemplifies the power of international cooperation in tackling rare diseases, especially during health emergencies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-025-03683-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T05:19:07Z","timestamp":1744780747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["COVID- 19 in patients affected by red blood cell disorders, results from the European registry ERN-EuroBloodNet"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7331-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Velasco Puyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Soteroula","family":"Christou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saveria","family":"Campisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Reidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Perez-Hoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Savvidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rekleiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Salvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Voi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giovanni Battista","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Mandrile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carmen Maria","family":"Gaglioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Cela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Ponce-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo J.","family":"Bard\u00f3n-Cancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pagona","family":"Flevari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ersi","family":"Voskaridou-Dimoula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erfan","family":"Nur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bart J.","family":"Biemond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Polynexi","family":"Delaporta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Beneitez-Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Collado Gimbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Spasiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Besse-Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ioannis G.","family":"Lafiatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Dedeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Raso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ruiz-Llobet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Bagnato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Labarque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Glenth\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giovan Battista","family":"Ruffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Guerzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kaoutar","family":"Hafraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pistoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rosamaria","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tagliaferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Gonzalez-Urdiales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fleur Samantha","family":"Benghiat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariane","family":"de Montalembert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Jose","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Vanderfaeillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Cuzzubbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eftichia","family":"Stiakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ann L.","family":"Van de Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Diamantidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean-Louis H.","family":"Kerkhoffs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marisa I.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Quota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"An","family":"Van Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Arg\u00fcello Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Lorite Reggiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anita W.","family":"Rijneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Colombatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Achille","family":"Iolascon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Taher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B\u00e9atrice","family":"Gulbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"No\u00e9mi B. A.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Mar","family":"Ma\u00f1\u00fa-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"3683_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000732","volume":"6","author":"D Farmakis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farmakis D, Porter J, Taher A, Domenica Cappellini M, Angastiniotis M, Eleftheriou A. 2021 Thalassaemia international federation guidelines for the management of transfusion-dependent Thalassemia. Hemasphere. 2022;6(8): e732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000732.","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"issue":"8","key":"3683_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e633","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00096-0","volume":"10","author":"FB Piel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piel FB, Rees DC, DeBaun MR, et al. Defining global strategies to improve outcomes in sickle cell disease: a Lancet Haematology Commission. Lancet Haematol. 2023;10(8):e633\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00096-0.","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3683_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E75","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26429","volume":"97","author":"F Longo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Longo F, Gianesin B, Voi V, et al. Italian patients with hemoglobinopathies exhibit a 5-fold increase in age-standardized lethality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Hematol. 2022;97(2):E75\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.26429.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"13","key":"3683_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004288","volume":"5","author":"L Mucalo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mucalo L, Brandow AM, Dasgupta M, et al. Comorbidities are risk factors for hospitalization and serious COVID-19 illness in children and adults with sickle cell disease. Blood Adv. 2021;5(13):2717\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004288.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"24","key":"3683_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7361","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247361","volume":"11","author":"M Castonguay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Castonguay M, Dakhallah N, Desroches J, et al. COVID-19 and sickle cell disease in the province of Quebec, Canada: outcomes after two years of the pandemic. J Clin Med. 2022;11(24):7361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11247361.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3683_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101385","volume":"35","author":"L Mucalo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mucalo L, Brandow AM, Singh A. A perspective on the sickle cell disease international COVID-19 registry. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2022;35(3): 101385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101385.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Haematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3683_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17026","volume":"26","author":"I El-Battrawy","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Battrawy I, Longo F, N\u00fa\u00f1ez Gil IJ, et al. Thalassaemia is paradoxically associated with a reduced risk of in-hospital complications and mortality in COVID-19: data from an international registry. J Cell Mol Med. 2022;26(9):2520\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.17026.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"3683_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.278573","volume":"106","author":"V Brousse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brousse V, Holvoet L, Pescarmona R, et al. Low incidence of COVID-19 severe complications in a large cohort of children with sickle cell disease: a protective role for basal interferon-1 activation? Haematologica. 2021;106(10):2746\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2021.278573.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"11","key":"3683_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.259440","volume":"105","author":"P Telfer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Telfer P, De la Fuente J, Sohal M, et al. Real-time national survey of COVID-19 in hemoglobinopathy and rare inherited anemia patients. Haematologica. 2020;105(11):2651\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2020.259440.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"7","key":"3683_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2021.03.033","volume":"157","author":"M Arg\u00fcello-Marina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arg\u00fcello-Marina M, L\u00f3pez-Rubio M, Morado M. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with sickle cell disease. Med Clin (Barc). 2021;157(7):345\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medcli.2021.03.033.","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3683_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17546","volume":"194","author":"V Munaretto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munaretto V, Voi V, Palazzi G, et al. Acute events in children with sickle cell disease in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic: useful lessons learned. Br J Haematol. 2021;194(5):851\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.17546.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3683_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003456","volume":"5","author":"CP Minniti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Minniti CP, Zaidi AU, Nouraie M, et al. Clinical predictors of poor outcomes in patients with sickle cell disease and COVID-19 infection. Blood Adv. 2021;5(1):207\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003456.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"3683_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03630269.2020.1857266","volume":"45","author":"M Zafari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zafari M, Rad MTS, Mohseni F, Nikbakht N. \u03b2-Thalassemia major and coronavirus-19, mortality and morbidity: a systematic review study. Hemoglobin. 2021;45(1):1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03630269.2020.1857266.","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"issue":"6","key":"3683_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/03630269.2021.1927751","volume":"45","author":"S Haghpanah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haghpanah S, Hosseini-Bensenjan M, Sayadi M, Karimi M. Incidence rate of COVID-19 infection in Hemoglobinopathies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hemoglobin. 2021;45(6):371\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03630269.2021.1927751.","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"issue":"1","key":"3683_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2020.046","volume":"12","author":"V de Sanctis","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Sanctis V, Canatan D, Corrons JLV, et al. Preliminary data on COVID-19 in patients with Hemoglobinopathies: A multicentre ICET-A study. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2020;12(1): e2020046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4084\/MJHID.2020.046.","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3683_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2020.11.002","volume":"43","author":"SV de Thiago","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Thiago SV, Braga JAP, Loggetto SR. Hemoglobinopathy and pediatrics in the time of COVID-19. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2021;43(1):87\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.htct.2020.11.002.","journal-title":"Hematol Transfus Cell Ther"},{"key":"3683_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.757510","volume":"8","author":"JX Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee JX, Chieng WK, Lau SCD, Tan CE. COVID-19 and Hemoglobinopathies: a systematic review of clinical presentations, investigations, and outcomes. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8: 757510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.757510.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"3683_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29075","volume":"68","author":"B Sayad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sayad B, Karimi M, Rahimi Z. Sickle cell disease and COVID-19: Susceptibility and severity. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021;68(8): e29075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.29075.","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"3683_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2013a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"3683_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0702","author":"Y Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China. Pediatrics. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-0702.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"3683_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00182-5","volume":"10","author":"MDM Ma\u00f1\u00fa Pereira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma\u00f1\u00fa Pereira MDM, Colombatti R, Alvarez F, et al. Sickle cell disease landscape and challenges in the EU: the ERN-EuroBloodNet perspective. The Lancet Haematology. 2023;10(8):e687\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00182-5.","journal-title":"The Lancet Haematology"},{"key":"3683_CR22","unstructured":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Accessed August 3, 2023. https:\/\/covid19.who.int"},{"key":"3683_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000844024.74005.fd","volume":"6","author":"P Velasco","year":"2022","unstructured":"Velasco P, Longo F, Piolatto A, et al. S283: ERN-Eurobloodnet European registry of patients affected by red blood cell disorders and COVID-19. HemaSphere. 2022;6:184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.HS9.0000844024.74005.fd.","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"3683_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4058","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-147236","volume":"138","author":"P Velasco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Velasco P, Longo F, Piolatto A, et al. ERN-EuroBloodNet European registry of patients affected by red blood cell disorders and COVID-19. Blood. 2021;138(Supplement 1):4058\u20134058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2021-147236.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3683_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1144226","author":"LRG Pereira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pereira LRG, da Silva MVG, Germano CMR, Estevao IF, Melo DG. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with sickle cell disease: an integrative review. Front Med. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1144226.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3683_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18867","volume":"202","author":"OY Martin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martin OY, Margulies S, Speller-Brown B, Majumdar S, Darbari DS, Campbell AD. The evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in paediatric patients with sickle cell disease: from Alpha to Omicron. Br J Haematol. 2023;202(3):479\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.18867.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"3683_CR27","unstructured":"CoVariants: Per Country. Accessed August 3, 2023. https:\/\/covariants.org\/per-country"},{"issue":"3","key":"3683_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14034","volume":"111","author":"J Derdevet","year":"2023","unstructured":"Derdevet J, Ranque B, Khimoud D, et al. Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in adult patients with sickle cell disease during the Omicron wave in France. Eur J Haematol. 2023;111(3):509\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejh.14034.","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3683_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14054","volume":"111","author":"NP Ilerhunmwuwa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ilerhunmwuwa NP, Inyang L, Wasifuddin M, et al. Demographics and outcomes of hemoglobin genotype in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and sickle cell disease in the United States. Eur J Haematol. 2023;111(4):611\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejh.14054.","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3683_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E86","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26432","volume":"97","author":"J Arlet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arlet J, Lionnet F, Khimoud D, et al. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in hospitalized sickle cell disease patients: a study of 319 patients in France. Am J Hematol. 2022;97(3):E86\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.26432.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3683_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239508","volume":"15","author":"D Golinelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Golinelli D, Boetto E, Maietti E, et al. The association between ABO blood group and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(9): e0239508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0239508.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"3683_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2021-002196","volume":"70","author":"J Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai J, Chen-Goodspeed A, Idowu M. Risk and protective factors for severe COVID-19 infection in a cohort of patients with sickle cell disease. J Investig Med. 2022;70(5):1243\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jim-2021-002196.","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3683_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382","volume":"35","author":"J Christian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Christian J, Lanzkron S, Naik RP. COVID-19 outcomes in sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2022;35(3): 101382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Haematol"},{"key":"3683_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-023-05346-8","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, MazharAshour MH, Saad HM, Batiha GES. COVID-19 and \u03b2-thalassemia: in lieu of evidence and vague nexus. Ann Hematol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-023-05346-8.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3683_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/03630269.2023.2219847","volume":"47","author":"T Silva Borborema","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silva Borborema T, Moreira Brito JC, Lima Batista EM, Siqueira BR. Case fatality rate and severity of COVID-19 among patients with sickle cell disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hemoglobin. 2023;47(2):85\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03630269.2023.2219847.","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"issue":"4","key":"3683_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0282423","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282423","volume":"18","author":"C de Oliveira","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Oliveira C, M, Soares VJ, Braga JAP, et al. The impact of COVID-19 in children with sickle cell disease: results of a multicentric registry. PLOS ONE. 2023;18(4):e0282423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282423.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"issue":"3","key":"3683_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14024","volume":"111","author":"NP Ilerhunmwuwa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ilerhunmwuwa NP, Inyang L, Hakobyan N, et al. Outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalizations in patients with sickle cell disease: a nationwide analysis. Eur J Haematol. 2023;111(3):432\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejh.14024.","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3683_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14058","volume":"111","author":"A Feit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feit A, Gordon M, Alamuri TT, et al. Long-term clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization of sickle cell disease patients with COVID-19: a 2.5-year follow-up study. Eur J Haematol. 2023;111(4):636\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejh.14058.","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3683_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/hematolrep14010002","volume":"14","author":"TD Atmakusuma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Atmakusuma TD. COVID-19 in patients with transfusion dependent Thalassemia (TDT) in Indonesia: characteristics of the disease and patients, and comparison between epidemiological data for COVID-19 and Thalassemia in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. Hematol Rep. 2022;14(1):2\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/hematolrep14010002.","journal-title":"Hematol Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"3683_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.6436","volume":"176","author":"JB Nachega","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nachega JB, Sam-Agudu NA, Machekano RN, et al. Assessment of clinical outcomes among children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 in 6 Sub-Saharan African countries. JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(3): e216436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.6436.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13023-025-03683-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13023-025-03683-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13023-025-03683-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T05:19:09Z","timestamp":1744780749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ojrd.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13023-025-03683-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-025-03683-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-1172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-1172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Research Ethics Committee of Vall d'Hebron Hospital has confirmed that this exceptional case justifies the waiver of informed consent (Ethics Committee approval by University Hospital Vall d'Hebron dated 7\u2009th April 2020 (PR(AG)215\/2020\/VHI-ERN- 2020 -\u200900)), and it has subsequently been approved in the various countries and centers involved in the registry.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Andreas Glenth\u00f8j is part of the Advisory board of Agios, Bluebird bio, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pharmacosmos and Vertex Pharmaceuticals and also provides Research support to Agios, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novo Nordisk, Saniona and Sanofi. Mariane de Montalembert is part of the Steering Committtes of Addmedica, Vertex and Novartis. Raffaella Colombatti is part of the Advisory Board of NovoNordisk, Novartis, AddMedica, Pfizer, Forma Therapeutics, Global Blood Therapeutics and Vertex. Ali Taher performs consultancy activities and received research funding from Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb (Celgene), Vifor, Pharmacosmos and Agios. B\u00e9atrice Gulbis has a Contract with EuroBloodNet Association (RADeep): the payments are made to her institution. For the remaining authors, no relevant conflicts of interest were declared. Mar Ma\u00f1u is an editor of the Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"183"}}