{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T09:19:35Z","timestamp":1773825575540,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011890","name":"Wesley Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018853","name":"The Prince Charles Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Health Research Board of Ireland; Biomedicine international training research programme for excellent clinician-scientists"},{"name":"European Union\u2019s research and innovation programme"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010434","name":"\u201cla Caixa\u201d Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Grant"},{"name":"Fisher & Paykel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Heterogeneous respiratory system static compliance (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub>) values and levels of hypoxemia in patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) requiring mechanical ventilation have been reported in previous small-case series or studies conducted at a national level.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We designed a retrospective observational cohort study with rapid data gathering from the international COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium study to comprehensively describe <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub>\u2014calculated as: tidal volume\/[airway plateau pressure-positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)]\u2014and its association with ventilatory management and outcomes of COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation (MV), admitted to intensive care units (ICU) worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We studied 745 patients from 22 countries, who required admission to the ICU and MV from January 14 to December 31, 2020, and presented at least one value of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub> within the first seven days of MV. Median (IQR) age was 62 (52\u201371), patients were predominantly males (68%) and from Europe\/North and South America (88%). <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub>, within 48\u00a0h from endotracheal intubation, was available in 649 patients and was neither associated with the duration from onset of symptoms to commencement of MV (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.417) nor with PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.100). Females presented lower <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub> than males (95% CI of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub> difference between females-males: \u2212\u200911.8 to \u2212\u20097.4\u00a0mL\/cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and although females presented higher body mass index (BMI), association of BMI with <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub> was marginal (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.139). Ventilatory management varied across <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub> range, resulting in a significant association between <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub> and driving pressure (estimated decrease \u2212\u20090.31 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\/L per mL\/cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>0 of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub>, 95% CI \u2212\u20090.48 to \u2212\u20090.14, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Overall, 28-day ICU mortality, accounting for the competing risk of being discharged within the period, was 35.6% (SE 1.7). Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub> (+\u200910\u00a0mL\/cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) was only associated with being discharge from the ICU within 28\u00a0days (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.28, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This multicentre report provides a comprehensive account of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub> in COVID-19 patients on MV. <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>RS<\/jats:sub> measured within 48\u00a0h from commencement of MV has marginal predictive value for 28-day mortality, but was associated with being discharged from ICU within the same period. Trial documentation: Available at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.covid-critical.com\/study\">https:\/\/www.covid-critical.com\/study<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>: ACTRN12620000421932.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03518-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T10:04:02Z","timestamp":1623233042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["An appraisal of respiratory system compliance in mechanically ventilated covid-19 patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"actrn12620000421932","registry":"10.18810\/anzctr"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0816-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Li Bassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jacky Y.","family":"Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heidi J.","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Shrapnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathon P.","family":"Fanning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Liquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Hinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aapeli","family":"Vuorinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Panigada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Laffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eddy","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Chiumello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Corley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alyaa","family":"Elhazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Ichiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Nichol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pauline Yeung","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Ogino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pesenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Huynh Trung","family":"Trieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tala","family":"Al-Dabbous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Huda","family":"Alfoudri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Shamsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Subbarao","family":"Elapavaluru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Schroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Velazco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Fikes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ludmyla","family":"Ploskanych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maysoon","family":"Shalabi-McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Trent","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Ehlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Grazioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E. Wilson","family":"Grandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Nunez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brook","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Tenzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ryuzo","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hwa Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In Seok","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Brozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Hernandez-Montfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Mehkri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Houltham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roderigo","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Soledad","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diego Fernando Bautista","family":"Rinc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Melissa Bustamante","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Angela Maria Marulanda","family":"Yanten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Brodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Desy","family":"Rusmawatiningtyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Ragazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Azhari","family":"Taufik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margaretha","family":"Gunawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Irawany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rayhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elizabeth Yasmin","family":"Wardoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Panigada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Grasselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Zanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Carelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Domenico L.","family":"Grieco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Asaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"McCaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Bone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christel","family":"Arnold-Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Cupido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zainap","family":"Fanie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Malcom","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Seymore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"van Straaten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali Ait","family":"Hssain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Aliudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Al-Reem","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Khoulod","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Darwin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Zaqout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Kurtzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arben","family":"Ademi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Dobrita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Khadija El","family":"Aoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juliet","family":"Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gezy","family":"Giwangkancana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Ohshimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saito","family":"Hitoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Uchinami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Osatnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Joosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Motos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Minlan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Arancibia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Noel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nestor","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Trieu Huynh","family":"Trung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Yacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Fantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ruth Noemi Jorge","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Enrique Chicote","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Greti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Lomeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Ceccato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Loza","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Roche-Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Divina","family":"Tuazon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Duculan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Cassimiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Pola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mehul","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Osborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Arcadipane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Cuffaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gennaro","family":"Martucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Occhipinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sung-Min","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Calligy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Whitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jae-Burm","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nobuya","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Shimazui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al-Hudaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alyaa","family":"Elhazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Gebauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Al-Fares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Esam","family":"Alamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Alawadhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kalthoum","family":"Alawadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Buabbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hiro","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tak-Hyuck","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Epler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cathleen","family":"Forney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Feister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Grobengieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joelle","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Gnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Caroline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Karaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Thome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Vanderland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Brazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tawnya","family":"Ogston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Nagpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karlee","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"de Piero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Esperatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diarmuid","family":"O\u2019Briain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edmund G.","family":"Carton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ayan","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Rainey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Seefeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Durham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Octavio","family":"Falcucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Emmrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Guy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carling","family":"Johns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Buchtele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schwameis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephanie-Susanne","family":"Stecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Delila","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Barnikel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Arenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Zaaqoq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lan Anh","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Merley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Csete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabela","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kasugai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Hiraiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Marwali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yoel","family":"Purnama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Santi Rahayu","family":"Dewayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"family":"Ardiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Debby","family":"Siagian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yih-Sharng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Laffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bairbre","family":"McNicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Cosgrave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marlice","family":"VanDyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Seppelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Indrek","family":"Ratsep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"Enneveer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristo","family":"Erikson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Getter","family":"Oigus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andra-Maris","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Piret","family":"Sillaots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Manetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Komats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. Veena","family":"Satyapriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amar","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Echeverria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Fiorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nahush A.","family":"Mokadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"McKeown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Pasek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bishoy","family":"Zakhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nolan","family":"Pow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cavana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Cucino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Giani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Russotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Chiumello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Dell\u2019Amore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hoi-Ping","family":"Shum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Vuysteke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Acker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Mergler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Rizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Sertic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Smood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Sperry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Navy","family":"Lolong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ernita","family":"Akmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erlina","family":"Burhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Menaldi","family":"Rasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bhat","family":"Naivedh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Faya","family":"Sitompu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Loforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"DeSantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammed Abraar","family":"Quraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Salt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Darshana","family":"Kandamby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Mandei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Natanael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eka","family":"YudhaLantang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Lantang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Terese","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"George","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wing Yiu","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Farquharson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Warwick","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Serratore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carmel","family":"Delzoppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Janin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Yarad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Totaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Balk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James","family":"Hays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Esha","family":"Kapania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Mishin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Vissing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Garrett","family":"Yantosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saptadi","family":"Yuliarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kohar Hari","family":"Santoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susanthy","family":"Djajalaksana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arie Zainul","family":"Fatoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Keibun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Pelosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Battaglini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan Fernando Masa","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Gai\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Roncon-Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Buchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Young-Jae","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sang Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Su Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pranya","family":"Sakiyalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Prompak","family":"Nitayavardhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Swapnil","family":"Parwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jennene","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jillian E.","family":"Deacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Fujitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jai","family":"Madhok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clark","family":"Owyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hergen","family":"Buscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olavi","family":"Maasikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Beljantsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Mihnovits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Akimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kanako","family":"Horibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Onodera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Bartone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Shekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Niki","family":"McGuinness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lacey","family":"Irvine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brigid","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Houchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Keiki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Lussier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Kersker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John Adam","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G\u00f6sta","family":"Lotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Malfertheiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Dreier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Neurinda Permata","family":"Kusumastuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Colin","family":"McCloskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Al-Awwab","family":"Dabaliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tarek B.","family":"Elshazly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josiah","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Konstanty S.","family":"Szuldrzynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Biela\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yusuff","family":"Hakeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Wille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ken Kuljit S.","family":"Parhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kirsten M.","family":"Fiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cassidy","family":"Codan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anmol","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Fayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tae","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giles","family":"Peek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Lopez-Colon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lovkesh","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Rappapport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zita","family":"Sibenaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Herr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nazli","family":"Vedadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lace","family":"Sindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cale","family":"Ewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Rajnic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shaun","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Griffee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ciullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Kida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricard Ferrer","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Alegre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"JordI","family":"Riera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christy","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Taniguci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Abbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Halah","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silver","family":"Heinsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Varun A.","family":"Karnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hollier F.","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nchafatso","family":"Obonyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leticia Pretti","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Janice D.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Shekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aapeli","family":"Vuorinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karin S.","family":"Wildi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Yerkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3518_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","volume":"323","author":"G Grasselli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the lombardy region, Italy. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 2020;323:1574\u201381.","journal-title":"JAMA J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"3518_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","volume":"382","author":"W Guan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708\u201320.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3518_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775","volume":"323","author":"S Richardson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson KW, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 2020;323:E1-8.","journal-title":"JAMA J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"3518_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karagiannidis C, Mostert C, Hentschker C, Voshaar T, Malzahn J, Schillinger G, et al. Case characteristics, resource use, and outcomes of 10\u2008021 patients with COVID-19 admitted to 920 German hospitals: an observational study. Lancet Respir Med [Internet]. Elsevier; 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 6];0. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213260020303167.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30316-7"},{"key":"3518_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50674","volume":"2020","author":"PG Gibson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gibson PG, Qin L, Puah SH. COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): clinical features and differences from typical pre-COVID-19 ARDS. Med J Aust. 2020;2020:54-56.e1.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"3518_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferrando C, Suarez-Sipmann F, Mellado-Artigas R, Hern\u00e1ndez M, Gea A, Arruti E, et al. Clinical features, ventilatory management, and outcome of ARDS caused by COVID-19 are similar to other causes of ARDS. Intensive Care Med [Internet]. Springer; 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 13];1\u201312. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020-06192-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06192-2"},{"key":"3518_CR7","unstructured":"Sacco F, Tonetti MT, Pizzilli G, Ranieri VM, di Radiologia Monteduro DF, Zompatori M, et al. Pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre prospective observational study. 2020; Available from: www.thelancet.com\/respiratory."},{"key":"3518_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0817LE","volume":"201","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Coppola S, Cressoni M, Busana M, Rossi S, Chiumello D. COVID-19 does not lead to a \u201cTypical\u201d acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201:1299\u2013300.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3518_CR9","first-page":"201","volume":"2020","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Coppola S, Cressoni M, Busana M, Chiumello D. Covid-19 does not lead to a \u201cTypical\u201d acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;2020:201.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3518_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Rossi S. COVID-19 pneumonia: ARDS or not? [Internet]. Crit. Care. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 6]. p. 154. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-020-02880-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02880-z"},{"key":"3518_CR11","volume-title":"Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in COVID-19 associated respiratory failure","author":"EJ Schenck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schenck EJ, Hoffman K, Goyal P, Choi J, Torres L, Rajwani K, et al. Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in COVID-19 associated respiratory failure. American Thoracic Society; 2020."},{"key":"3518_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Busana M, Coppola S, Romitti F, Formenti P, Bonifazi M, et al. Physiological and quantitative CT-scan characterization of COVID-19 and typical ARDS: a matched cohort study. Intensive Care Med [Internet]. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; 2020 [cited 2020 Nov 18];1\u201310. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020-06281-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06281-2"},{"key":"3518_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beloncle FM, Pavlovsky B, Desprez C, Fage N, Olivier PY, Asfar P, et al. Recruitability and effect of PEEP in SARS-Cov-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intensive Care. Springer; 2020;10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-020-00675-7"},{"key":"3518_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan C, Chen L, Lu C, Zhang W, Xia JA, Sklar MC, et al. Lung Recruitability in SARS-CoV-2 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Single-center, Observational Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. NLM (Medline); 2020;201.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0527LE"},{"key":"3518_CR15","unstructured":"ECMOCARD [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jun 2]. Available from: https:\/\/www.elso.org\/COVID19\/ECMOCARD.aspx."},{"key":"3518_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Network ARDS, Brower RG, Matthay MA, Morris A, Schoenfeld D, Thompson BT, et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2000;342:1301\u20138. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10793162.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801"},{"key":"3518_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hazard D, Kaier K, Von Cube M, Grodd M, Bugiera L, Lambert J, et al. Joint analysis of duration of ventilation, length of intensive care, and mortality of COVID-19 patients: A multistate approach. BMC Med Res Methodol [Internet]. BioMed Central; 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 13];20:206. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-020-01082-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-01082-z"},{"key":"3518_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","volume":"315","author":"G Bellani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Fan E, Brochard L, Esteban A, et al. Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA. 2016;315:788\u2013800.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3518_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15783","volume":"22","author":"P Pelosi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pelosi P, Caironi P, Gattinoni L. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;22:259\u201368.","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3518_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200710-1589OC","volume":"178","author":"D Chiumello","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Carlesso E, Cadringher P, Caironi P, Valenza F, Polli F, et al. Lung stress and strain during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178:346\u201355.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3518_CR21","unstructured":"Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher EC, Hodgson CL, Munshi L, Walkey AJ, et al. An official American Thoracic Society\/European Society of intensive care medicine\/society of critical care medicine clinical practice guideline: Mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]. American Thoracic Society; 2017 [cited 2020 Oct 12];195:1253\u201363. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28459336\/."},{"key":"3518_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708638","volume":"359","author":"D Talmor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Talmor D, Sarge T, Malhotra A, O\u2019Donnell CR, Ritz R, Lisbon A, et al. Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2095\u2013104.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3518_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6825","volume":"323","author":"JJ Marini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marini JJ, Gattinoni L. Management of COVID-19 respiratory distress. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 2020;323:2329\u201330.","journal-title":"JAMA J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"3518_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Ma X. Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it \u201ctypical\u201d ARDS? Crit. Care. NLM (Medline); 2020. p. 198.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02911-9"},{"key":"3518_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Caironi P, Busana M, Romitti F, Brazzi L, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes? Intensive Care Med. Springer; 2020. p. 1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06033-2"},{"key":"3518_CR26","unstructured":"Panwar R, Madotto F, Laffey JG, Van Haren FMP. Compliance Phenotypes in Early ARDS Before the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]. American Thoracic Society; 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 12]; Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32805143\/."},{"key":"3518_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pan C, Chen L, Lu C, Zhang W, Xia JA, Sklar MC, et al. Lung recruitability in COVID-19\u2013associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: A single-center observational study [Internet]. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. American Thoracic Society; 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 13]. p. 1294\u20137. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202003-0527LE.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0527LE"},{"key":"3518_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ackermann M, Verleden SE, Kuehnel M, Haverich A, Welte T, Laenger F, et al. Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19. N Engl J Med [Internet]. Massachusetts Medical Society; 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 2];NEJMoa2015432. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432"},{"key":"3518_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lang M, Som A, Mendoza DP, Flores EJ, Reid N, Carey D, et al. Hypoxaemia related to COVID-19: vascular and perfusion abnormalities on dual-energy CT. Lancet Infect. Dis. Lancet Publishing Group; 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30367-4"},{"key":"3518_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cruces P, Retamal J, Hurtado DE, Erranz B, Iturrieta P, Gonz\u00e1lez C, et al. A physiological approach to understand the role of respiratory effort in the progression of lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection [Internet]. Crit. Care. BioMed Central Ltd; 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 494. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-020-03197-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03197-7"},{"key":"3518_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Fan E, Brochard L, Esteban A, et al. Epidemiology, Patterns of Care, and Mortality for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Intensive Care Units in 50 Countries. JAMA [Internet]. 2016;315:788. Available from: internal-pdf:\/\/0.0.13.130\/Epidemiology, Patterns of Care, and Mortality for.webarchive","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291"},{"key":"3518_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grieco DL, Bongiovanni F, Chen L, Menga LS, Cutuli SL, Pintaudi G, et al. Respiratory physiology of COVID-19-induced respiratory failure compared to ARDS of other etiologies. Crit Care [Internet]. NLM (Medline); 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 12];24:529. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32859264\/.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03253-2"},{"key":"3518_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roesthuis L, van den Berg M, van der Hoeven H. Advanced respiratory monitoring in COVID-19 patients: use less PEEP! Crit Care. Springer Science and Business Media LLC; 2020;24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02953-z"},{"key":"3518_CR34","unstructured":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Resources \u00b7 ISARIC [Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 12]. Available from: https:\/\/isaric.tghn.org\/covid-19-clinical-research-resources\/."},{"key":"3518_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E, et al. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. JAMA [Internet]. 2012;307:2526\u201333. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2012.5669.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.5669"}],"container-title":["Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03518-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03518-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03518-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T17:08:19Z","timestamp":1628615299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ccforum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03518-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03518-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-8535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Participating hospitals obtained local ethics committee approval, and a waiver of informed consent was granted in all cases.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Nicole White; Sally Shrapnel; Benoit Liquet; Samuel Hinton; Aapeli Vuorinem; Gareth Booth.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistical analysis"}},{"value":"GLB and JF received research funds, through their affiliated institution from Fisher & Paykel. All remaining authors do not have any conflict of interest related to this report.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"199"}}