{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T04:40:49Z","timestamp":1774068049905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT) and GHTM, Portugal","award":["PTDC\/CVT\/112371\/2009 (FCT) and UID\/Multi\/04413\/2013 (GHTM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT\/112371\/2009 (FCT) and UID\/Multi\/04413\/2013 (GHTM)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2002-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T12:14:08Z","timestamp":1485951248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Evaluation of four molecular methods to detect Leishmania infection in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andreia","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lenea","family":"Campino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02347-4","volume":"18","author":"J Moreno","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moreno J, Alvar J. Canine leishmaniasis: epidemiological risk and the experimental model. Trends Parasitol. 2002;18:399\u2013405.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2002_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1583-5","volume":"9","author":"MO Dumitrache","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dumitrache MO, Nachum-Biala Y, Gilad M, Mircean V, Cazan CD, Mihalca AD, et al. The quest for canine leishmaniasis in Romania: the presence of an autochthonous focus with subclinical infections in an area where disease occurred. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:297.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2002_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campino L, Maia C. The role of reservoirs: canine leishmaniasis. In: Ponte-Sucre A, Padron-Nieves M, Diaz E, editors. Drug resistance in Leishmania parasites - consequences, molecular mechanism and possible treatments. Vienna: Springer Verlag; 2013. pp. 45\u201364.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1125-3_3"},{"key":"2002_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.08.020","volume":"165","author":"A Shokri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shokri A, Fakhar M, Teshnizi SH. Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop. 2017;165:76\u201389.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2002_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00093-2","volume":"47","author":"G Sch\u00f6nian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nian G, Nasereddin A, Dinse N, Schweynoch C, Schallig HD, Presber W, et al. PCR diagnosis and characterization of Leishmania in local and imported clinical samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;47:349\u201358.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2002_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(04)57001-X","volume":"57","author":"J Alvar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alvar J, Ca\u00f1avate C, Molina R, Moreno J, Nieto J. Canine leishmaniasis. Adv Parasitol. 2004;57:1\u201388.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"2002_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.273","volume":"55","author":"F Berrahal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Berrahal F, Mary C, Roze M, Berenger A, Escoffier K, Lamouroux D, et al. Canine leishmaniasis: identification of asymptomatic carriers by polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996;55:273\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2002_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-110","volume":"7","author":"P Bourdeau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bourdeau P, Saridomichelakis MN, Oliveira A, Oliva G, Kotnik T, G\u00e1lvez R, et al. Management of canine leishmaniosis in endemic SW European regions: a questionnaire-based multinational survey. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:110.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2002_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.07.028","volume":"158","author":"C Maia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maia C, Campino L. Methods for diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis and immune response to infection. Vet Parasitol. 2008;158:274\u201387.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2002_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90074-X","volume":"96","author":"I Cruz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cruz I, Ca\u00f1avate C, Rubio JM, Morales MA, Chicharro C, Laguna F, et al. A nested polymerase chain reaction (Ln-PCR) for diagnosing and monitoring Leishmania infantum infection in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002;96 Suppl 1:S185\u20139.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2002_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.04.009","volume":"7","author":"K Kuhls","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kuhls K, Mauricio IL, Pratlong F, Presber W, Sch\u00f6nian G. Analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences of the Leishmania donovani complex. Microbes Infect. 2005;7:1224\u201334.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2002_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.12.006","volume":"24","author":"G Sch\u00f6nian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nian G, Mauricio I, Gramiccia M, Ca\u00f1avate C, Boelaert M, Dujardin JC. Leishmaniases in the Mediterranean in the era of molecular epidemiology. Trends Parasitol. 2008;24:135\u201342.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2002_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00002-6","volume":"98","author":"S Cortes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cortes S, Rol\u00e3o N, Ramada J, Campino L. PCR as a rapid and sensitive tool in the diagnosis of human and canine leishmaniasis using Leishmania donovani s.l. - specific kinetoplastid primers. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2004;98:12\u20137.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2002_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1990653111","volume":"65","author":"JA Rioux","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rioux JA, Lanotte G, Serres E, Pratlong F, Bastien P, Perieres J. Taxonomy of Leishmania. Use of isoenzymes. Suggestions for a new classification. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 1990;65:111\u201325.","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp"},{"key":"2002_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012001825","volume":"140","author":"F Pratlong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pratlong F, Lami P, Ravel C, Balard Y, Dereure J, Serres G, et al. Geographical distribution and epidemiological features of Old World Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani foci, based on the isoenzyme analysis of 2277 strains. Parasitology. 2013;140:423\u201334.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2002_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.251","volume":"53","author":"DA Ashford","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ashford DA, Bozza M, Freire M, Miranda JC, Sherlock I, Eulalio C, et al. Comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and serology for the detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995;53:251\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2002_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.10.2454-2457.1997","volume":"35","author":"OF Osman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Osman OF, Oskam L, Zijlstra EE, Kroon NC, Schoone GJ, Khalil ET, et al. Evaluation of PCR for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:2454\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2002_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.03.026","volume":"134","author":"I Cruz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cruz I, Millet A, Carrillo E, Chenik M, Salotra P, Verma S, et al. An approach for interlaboratory comparison of conventional and real-time PCR assays for diagnosis of human leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol. 2013;134:281\u20139.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"2002_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-69","volume":"4","author":"JY Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang JY, Ha Y, Gao CH, Wang Y, Yang YT, Chen HT. The prevalence of canine Leishmania infantum infection in western China detected by PCR and serological tests. Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:69.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2002_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.03.004","volume":"91","author":"L Cardoso","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cardoso L, Schallig HD, Neto F, Kroon N, Rodrigues M. Serological survey of Leishmania infection in dogs from the municipality of Peso da R\u00e9gua (Alto Douro, Portugal) using the direct agglutination test (DAT) and fast agglutination screening test (FAST). Acta Trop. 2004;91:95\u2013100.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2002_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00047-9","volume":"74","author":"Y Ozbel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ozbel Y, Oskam L, Ozensoy S, Turgay N, Alkan MZ, Jaffe CL, et al. A survey on canine leishmaniasis in western Turkey by parasite, DNA and antibody detection assays. Acta Trop. 2000;74:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2002_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.2.560-563.2001","volume":"39","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2001","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Morell P, Arboix M, Alberola J, Ferrer L. Prevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs living in an area of canine leishmaniasis endemicity using PCR on several tissues and serology. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39:560\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2002_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01998.x","volume":"13","author":"M Maroli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maroli M, Rossi L, Baldelli R, Capelli G, Ferroglio E, Genchi C, et al. The northward spread of leishmaniasis in Italy: evidence from retrospective and ongoing studies on the canine reservoir and phlebotomine vectors. Trop Med Int Health. 2008;13:256\u201364.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2002_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.04.028","volume":"189","author":"S Cortes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cortes S, Vaz Y, Neves R, Maia C, Cardoso L, Campino L. Risk factors for canine leishmaniasis in an endemic Mediterranean region. Vet Parasitol. 2012;189:189\u201396.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2002_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20534","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.29.20534","volume":"18","author":"L Lachaud","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lachaud L, Dedet JP, Marty P, Faraut F, Buffet P, Gangneux JP, et al. Surveillance of leishmaniases in France, 1999 to 2012. Euro Surveill. 2013;18:20534.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2002_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.04.008","volume":"148","author":"NF Le\u00e7a J\u00fanior","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le\u00e7a J\u00fanior NF, Guedes PE, Santana LN, Almeida Vdos A, Carvalho FS, Albuquerque GR, et al. Epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis in southern Bahia, Brazil. Acta Trop. 2015;148:115\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2002_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00208-2","volume":"76","author":"M Cabral","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cabral M, O'Grady JE, Gomes S, Sousa JC, Thompson H, Alexander J. The immunology of canine leishmaniosis: strong evidence for a developing disease spectrum from asymptomatic dogs. Vet Parasitol. 1998;76:173\u201380.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2002_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1598-y","volume":"9","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2016","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Montserrrat-Sangr\u00e0 S, Ordeix L, Mart\u00ednez-Orellana P. Leishmania infantum specific production of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-10 in stimulated blood from dogs with clinical leishmaniosis. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:317.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2002_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0756-y","volume":"8","author":"L Cardoso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cardoso L, Gilad M, Cortes HC, Nachum-Biala Y, Lopes AP, Vila-Vi\u00e7osa MJ, et al. First report of Anaplasma platys infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum in foxes from Portugal. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:144.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2002_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1452-2","volume":"10","author":"C Maia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maia C, Altet L, Serrano L, Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o JM, Tabar MD, Francino O, et al. Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum, filariae and Wolbachia spp. in dogs from Southern Portugal. Parasit Vectors. 2016;10:170.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2002_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991156","volume":"136","author":"RJ Quinnell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quinnell RJ, Courtenay O. Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology. 2009;136:1915\u201334.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2002_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.03.004","volume":"147","author":"EM Michalsky","year":"2007","unstructured":"Michalsky EM, Rocha MF, da Rocha Lima AC, Fran\u00e7a-Silva JC, Pires MQ, Oliveira FS, et al. Infectivity of seropositive dogs, showing different clinical forms of leishmaniasis, to Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine sand flies. Vet Parasitol. 2007;147:67\u201376.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2002_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12413","volume":"45","author":"S Paltrinieri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paltrinieri S, Gradoni L, Roura X, Zatelli A, Zini E. Laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring canine leishmaniasis. Vet Clin Pathol. 2016;45:552\u201378.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2002_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90208-2","volume":"51","author":"GJ Eys van","year":"1992","unstructured":"van Eys GJ, Schoone GJ, Kroon NC, Ebeling SB. Sequence analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA genes and its use for detection and identification of Leishmania parasites. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1992;51:133\u201342.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"2002_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90093-2","volume":"94","author":"NO Tai el","year":"2000","unstructured":"el Tai NO, Osman OF, el Fari M, Presber W, Sch\u00f6nian G. Genetic heterogeneity of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer in clinical samples of Leishmania donovani spotted on filter paper as revealed by single-strand conformation polymorphisms and sequencing. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2000;94:575\u20139.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2002_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90057-X","volume":"96","author":"G Anders","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anders G, Eisenberger CL, Jonas F, Greenblatt CL. Distinguishing Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major in the Middle East using the polymerase chain reaction with kinetoplast DNA-specific primers. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002;96 Suppl 1:S87\u201392.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Parasites & Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2002-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T09:32:12Z","timestamp":1601544732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2002-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2002-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]]},"article-number":"57"}}