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Females of this vector species are often reported jointly with two morphologically very close species, <jats:italic>C. scoticus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. montanus<\/jats:italic>, forming the Obsoletus\/Scoticus Complex. Recently, cryptic diversity within <jats:italic>C. obsoletus<\/jats:italic> was reported in geographically distant sites. Clear delineation of species and characterization of genetic variability is mandatory to revise their taxonomic status and assess the vector role of each taxonomic entity. Our objectives were to characterize and map the cryptic diversity within the Obsoletus\/Scoticus Complex.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Portion of the <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>1 mitochondrial gene of 3763 individuals belonging to the Obsoletus\/Scoticus Complex was sequenced. Populations from 20 countries along a Palaearctic Mediterranean transect covering Scandinavia to Canary islands (North to South) and Canary islands to Turkey (West to East) were included. Genetic diversity based on <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>1 barcoding was supported by <jats:italic>16S<\/jats:italic> rDNA mitochondrial gene sequences and a gene coding for ribosomal <jats:italic>28S<\/jats:italic> rDNA. Species delimitation using a multi-marker methodology was used to revise the current taxonomic scheme of the Obsoletus\/Scoticus Complex.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our analysis showed the existence of three phylogenetic clades (<jats:italic>C. obsoletus<\/jats:italic> clade O2<jats:italic>, C. obsoletus<\/jats:italic> clade dark and one not yet named and identified) within <jats:italic>C. obsoletus<\/jats:italic>. These analyses also revealed two intra-specific clades within <jats:italic>C. scoticus<\/jats:italic> and raised questions about the taxonomic status of <jats:italic>C. montanus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To our knowledge, our study provides the first genetic characterization of the Obsoletus\/Scoticus Complex on a large geographical scale and allows a revision of the current taxonomic classification for an important group of vector species of livestock viruses in the Palaearctic region.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04114-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T10:03:03Z","timestamp":1589968983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The tree that hides the forest: cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus\/Scoticus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Antoine","family":"Mignotte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Garros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Gard\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Balenghien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Duhayon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ignace","family":"Rakotoarivony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tabourin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Poujol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Iba\u00f1ez-Justicia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Cvetkovikj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bethan V.","family":"Purse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Ramilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Despoina","family":"Stougiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dubravka","family":"Pudar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Du\u0161an","family":"Petri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Veronesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frans","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Kampen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Pereira da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Lucientes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josue Martinez","family":"de la Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jovana","family":"Stefanovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kate R.","family":"Searle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Khallaayoune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. 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