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However, the underlying mechanisms of vector competence for ASFV across <jats:italic>Ornithodoros<\/jats:italic> species remain to be fully understood. To that end, this study compared ASFV replication and dissemination as well as virus vertical transmission to descendants between <jats:italic>Ornithodoros<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>moubata<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>erraticus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>verrucosus<\/jats:italic> in relation to what is known about the ability of these soft tick species to transmit ASFV to pigs. To mimic the natural situation, a more realistic model was used where soft ticks were exposed to ASFV by allowing them to engorge on viremic pigs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Ornithodoros moubata<\/jats:italic> ticks were infected with the ASFV strains Liv13\/33 (genotype I) or Georgia2007\/1 (genotype II), <jats:italic>O. erraticus<\/jats:italic> with OurT88\/1 (genotype I) or Georgia2007\/1 (genotype II), and <jats:italic>O. verrucosus<\/jats:italic> with Ukr12\/Zapo (genotype II), resulting in five different tick\u2013virus pairs. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeting the VP72 ASFV gene was carried out over several months on crushed ticks to study viral replication kinetics. Viral titration assays were also carried out on crushed ticks 2\u00a0months post infection to confirm virus survival in soft ticks. Ticks were dissected. and DNA was individually extracted from the following organs to study ASFV dissemination: intestine, salivary glands, and reproductive organs. DNA extracts from each organ were tested by qPCR. Lastly, larval or first nymph-stage progeny emerging from hatching eggs were tested by qPCR to assess ASFV vertical transmission.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Comparative analyses revealed higher rates of ASFV replication and dissemination in <jats:italic>O. moubata<\/jats:italic> infected with Liv13\/33, while the opposite was observed for <jats:italic>O. erraticus<\/jats:italic> infected with Georgia2007\/1 and for <jats:italic>O. verrucosus<\/jats:italic> with Ukr12\/Zapo. Intermediate profiles were found for <jats:italic>O. moubata<\/jats:italic> infected with Georgia2007\/1 and for <jats:italic>O. erraticus<\/jats:italic> with OurT88\/1. Vertical transmission occurred efficiently in <jats:italic>O. moubata<\/jats:italic> infected with Liv13\/33, and at very low rates in <jats:italic>O. erraticus<\/jats:italic> infected with OurT88\/1.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study provides molecular data indicating that viral replication and dissemination in <jats:italic>Ornithodoros<\/jats:italic> ticks are major mechanisms underlying ASFV horizontal and vertical transmission. However, our results indicate that other determinants beyond viral replication also influence ASFV vector competence. Further research is required to fully understand this process in soft ticks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04497-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T12:30:05Z","timestamp":1607517005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Differential vector competence of Ornithodoros soft ticks for African swine fever virus: What if it involves more than just crossing organic barriers in ticks?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Pereira De Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Hutet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Lancelot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Paboeuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Duhayon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Boinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adalberto A.","family":"P\u00e9rez de Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Serhii","family":"Filatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marie-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Le Potier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Vial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4497_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62736-y","volume":"10","author":"X O\u2019Neill","year":"2020","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill X, White A, Ruiz-Fons F, Gort\u00e1zar C. 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