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Growing evidence of both human and canine <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infections in urban centres has been reported. Since many forms of the disease are zoonotic, veterinarians play an important role in leishmaniosis control by intervening at the parasite host level. This study aimed to bring together One Health principles to connect canine and feline leishmaniosis epidemiology within urban centres of Morocco (Rabat and Fez) and assess the level of awareness of Moroccan veterinarians about facing this threat.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A molecular survey was conducted for <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> DNA detection in canine (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u2009155) and feline (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200932) whole-blood samples. Three conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols were implemented. The first PCR aimed at identifying infected animals by targeting <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA). The second and third PCR targeted the <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1) and the <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) gene, respectively, aiming at identification of the infecting species after Sanger sequencing-positive amplicons. Total immunoglobulin G (IgG) against <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. was evaluated in 125 dogs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using an in-house protocol, including three <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>-specific antigens (SPLA, rKDDR and LicTXNPx). Sera from 25 cats were screened for total IgG to <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. by an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). An online questionnaire was presented to Moroccan veterinarians addressing their knowledge and practices towards animal leishmaniosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, 19.4% of the dogs tested positive for <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> kDNA and ITS-1 and sequencing revealed infection with <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> among PCR-positive dogs. These animals presented a wide range of ELISA seropositivity results (16.7%, 34.9% and 51.6%) according to the tested antigens (rKDDR, SPLA and LicTXNPx, respectively). Use of kDNA-PCR revealed 12.5% cats positive to <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. otherwise found to be seronegative by IFAT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A considerable prevalence of infection was identified in dogs from urban centres of Morocco. Additionally, this is the first report of feline infection with <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. in this country and in urban settings. Moroccan veterinarians are aware that animal leishmaniosis is endemic in Morocco, representing a public health threat, and are knowledgeable about canine leishmaniosis diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06411-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T19:02:03Z","timestamp":1724094123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Veterinary perspectives on the urbanization of leishmaniosis in Morocco"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Clara M.","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Bourquia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abderrahmane","family":"Zahri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Haissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Santar\u00e9m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Cordeiro da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"6411_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2028-5","volume":"10","author":"D Steverding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steverding D. 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