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In Madeira Island, an outbreak of DENV serotype 1 occurred between 2012 and 2013, resulting in 1080 confirmed cases. Despite ongoing entomological surveillance, no further local transmission was detected in the following decade.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In January 2025, following two suspected dengue cases on Madeira Island, increased entomological surveillance efforts were implemented to confirm a local event transmission of DENV. A network of mosquito traps was complemented by targeted surveillance using 17 BG-PRO traps positioned in the vicinity of suspected human cases. Daily collections of adult\n                      <jats:italic>A. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      , collected from 10 January to 31 March 2025, were screened by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      -borne viruses in the reference laboratory. Viral sequencing was performed using target enrichment and bioinformatics with INSaFLU-TELEVIR. The climate-driven suitability for dengue transmission by\n                      <jats:italic>A. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      was also investigated. Serological and molecular tests were conducted on samples from suspected human cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 80 analysed\n                      <jats:italic>A. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      pools (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009393 mosquitoes), 1 pool, with 9 mosquitoes collected near the home of suspected human cases, tested positive for DENV. The dengue whole genome sequence from this sample was determined and classified as DENV-2 lineage 2II_F.1.1.3. The same virus was retrospectively confirmed in one of the clinical cases. Analysis of mosquito abundance and climate data confirmed the occurrence of this local transmission event during a period of low mosquito abundance and low climatic suitability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we report an in-depth analysis of a local dengue transmission event that occurred in Funchal, the capital of Madeira Island, in January 2025, with whole-genome evidence of DENV-2II_F.1.1.3 in field-caught\n                      <jats:italic>A. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes. Retrospective analysis confirmed the presence of the same virus in one of the two clinical cases, establishing a direct link between human and mosquito infections, and highlighting the risk of off-season arboviral introductions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-026-07251-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T11:13:34Z","timestamp":1769512414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of dengue virus serotype 2 in local Aedes aegypti populations, Madeira Island, Portugal, 2025"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"L\u00edbia","family":"Z\u00e9-Z\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruna Raquel","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Victoria Mary","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Dourado","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wes","family":"Hinsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In\u00eas Campos","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sobral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hugo Costa","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno Rodrigues","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"7251_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Secretaria Regional dos Assuntos Sociais (SRAS). 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This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and is covered by ethical approval issued by the Ethics Committee (Comiss\u00e3o de \u00c9tica para a Sa\u00fade) of the Portuguese National Health Institute. No special permits were required for the field studies. Consent was obtained from the property owners for mosquito collection in private residential areas, and with the knowledge and permission of the relevant authority in public areas. No sites were legally protected, and no endangered or protected species were involved in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Patients\u2019 information was anonymised to ensure their privacy, and written informed consent for the publication of these data was obtained from all patients (both the adult patient and the parent of the child patient).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"92"}}