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At present, no cure is available. Clinical trials indicate that people with HKOA benefit from physical activity in several health-related outcomes. However, few studies have evaluated the long-term positive effect of regular physical activity. This study analyzed participants with HKOA from a nationwide population-based cohort (EpiDoC Cohort) to assess the impact of physical activity on patients\u2019 physical function and HRQoL over a long-term follow-up. The regular weekly frequency of intentional physical activity was self-reported as non-frequent (0 times\/week), frequent (1\u20132 times\/week), or very frequent (\u2265\u20093 times\/week). This study followed 1086 participants over a mean period of 4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4\u00a0years, during which 6.3% and 14.9% of participants reported frequent and very frequent physical activity, respectively. Using linear mixed models, we found that frequent (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.101 [\u2212\u20090.187,\u2009\u2212\u20090.016]; <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.039 [\u2212\u20090.002, 0.080]) and very frequent physical activity (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.061 [\u2212\u20090.118,\u2009\u2212\u20090.004]; <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.057 [0.029, 0.084]) were associated with improved physical function and HRQoL over time, respectively, when compared with non-frequent exercise, adjusting for years to baseline, sex, age, years of education, body mass index, multimorbidity, hospitalizations, clinical severity, and unmanageable pain levels. These findings raise awareness of the importance of maintaining exercise\/physical activity long term to optimize HRQoL and physical function. Further studies must address barriers and facilitators to improve the adoption of regular physical activity among citizens with HKOA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-02996-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T11:02:43Z","timestamp":1674730963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Association of physical activity with physical function and quality of life in people with hip and knee osteoarthritis: longitudinal analysis of a population-based cohort"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"David G.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo B.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Canh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10182","key":"2996_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9","volume":"393","author":"DJ Hunter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S. Osteoarthritis. The Lancet. 2019;393(10182):1745\u201359 Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0140673619304179. Cited 6 Jul 2022.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2996_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216515","volume":"79","author":"S Safiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Smith E, Hill C, Bettampadi D, Mansournia MA, et al. Global, regional and national burden of osteoarthritis 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(6):819\u201328 Available from: https:\/\/ard.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216515. Cited 6 Jul  2022.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2996_CR3","first-page":"110","volume":"40","author":"AM Rodrigues","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodrigues AM, Gouveia N, da Costa LP, Eus\u00e9bio M, Ramiro S, Machado P, et al. EpiReumaPt- the study of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in Portugal: a detailed view of the methodology. Acta Reumatol Port. 2015;40(2):110\u201324.","journal-title":"Acta Reumatol Port"},{"key":"2996_CR4","unstructured":"NHS. UK. Osteoarthritis - treatment and support. NHS;\u00a02017. Available from: https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/osteoarthritis\/treatment\/. Cited 13 Jul 2022."},{"issue":"6","key":"2996_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001944","volume":"51","author":"VB Kraus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kraus VB, Sprow K, Powell KE, Buchner D, Bloodgood B, Piercy K, et al. Effects of physical activity in knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic umbrella review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(6):1324\u201339 Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/acsm-msse\/Fulltext\/2019\/06000\/Effects_of_Physical_Activity_in_Knee_and_Hip.27.aspx. 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The patients\/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14"}}