{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T18:00:18Z","timestamp":1771956018921,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012957","name":"Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t Jena","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Foam rolling (FR) is commonly used in health and sports settings, yet it remains unclear how well current practice aligns with scientific evidence. We synthesised the available research on FR and compared it with practitioners\u2019 knowledge across professions and language-based cultural spheres.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The evidence consistently supports acute increases in range of motion (ROM), short-term pain reduction, and transient improvements in muscle stiffness and blood flow. However, evidence for performance enhancement, injury prevention, and \u201cfascial adhesion release\u201d is limited or inconclusive, and data on safety are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A cross-sectional online survey (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009452; conducted in German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and English-speaking countries) showed that only 2 of 15 evidence-based items reached the 80% correct response threshold. A simple majority answered just 10 items in accordance with current evidence, indicating substantial knowledge gaps. Accuracy varied by profession and cultural sphere.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, while FR is effective for acute ROM gains and pain relief, current beliefs about performance and long-term effects are not supported by robust evidence. The mismatch between research and practice highlights the need for clearer communication of findings, accessible continuing education, and evidence-based guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Identified research gaps do not allow an appropriate judgement of the responses. This research gap calls for future research, while substantial effort should be invested into science communication to reach a broader audience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-025-01514-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T07:16:34Z","timestamp":1768288594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of foam rolling and the knowledge-to-action gap: are practitioners\u2019 beliefs supported by the evidence? An international survey study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Stanislav Dimitri","family":"Siegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ewan","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mareike","family":"Sproll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Zech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gerit","family":"Pl\u00f6schberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Behm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Wilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schleip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Warneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/chp.47","volume":"26","author":"ID Graham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Graham ID, Logan J, Harrison MB, Straus SE, Tetroe J, Caswell W, Robinson N. Lost in knowledge translation: time for a map? J Continuing Educ Health Professions. 2006;26:13\u201324.","journal-title":"J Continuing Educ Health Professions"},{"key":"1514_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.93.8.1261","volume":"93","author":"RE Glasgow","year":"2003","unstructured":"Glasgow RE, Lichtenstein E, Marcus AC. Why don\u2019t we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? Rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:1261\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.93.8.1261.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"1514_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13836","volume":"75","author":"L Prihodova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prihodova L, Guerin S, Tunney C, Kernohan WG. Key components of knowledge transfer and exchange in health services research: findings from a systematic scoping review. J Adv Nurs. 2019;75:313\u201326.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"1514_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2020.1775896","volume":"21","author":"B Sperlich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sperlich B, Wicker P. Knowledge transfer into sport practice: an empirical user analysis of a sport science website. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021;21:753\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"1514_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Holland CJ, Cole M. Bridging the research-to-practice time gap: disseminating research knowledge to sport and exercise medicine practitioners. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2024;58: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108548.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108548"},{"key":"1514_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2011.110180","volume":"104","author":"ZS Morris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morris ZS, Wooding S, Grant J. The answer is 17 years, what is the question: Understanding time lags in translational research. J R Soc Med. 2011;104:510\u201320.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"1514_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659081","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1659081","volume":"16","author":"K Bartsch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bartsch K, Slomka G, Baumgart C, Offermann C, Schleip R, Freiwald J, et al. A survey of sports and rehabilitation professionals on foam rolling Applications, Contraindications, and adverse Events-Does the science reach professionals\u2019 perceptions? Front Physiol. 2025;16:1659081.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1514_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01205-7","volume":"50","author":"J Wilke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilke J, M\u00fcller A-L, Giesche F, Power G, Ahmedi H, Behm DG. Acute effects of foam rolling on range of motion in healthy adults: A systematic review with multilevel Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2020;50:387\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-019-01205-7.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1514_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01699-8","volume":"52","author":"A Konrad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Konrad A, Nakamura M, Tilp M, Donti O, Behm DG. Foam rolling training effects on range of motion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2022;52:2523\u201335.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1514_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004385","volume":"37","author":"MH Gl\u00e4nzel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gl\u00e4nzel MH, Rodrigues DR, Petter GN, Pozzobon D, Vaz MA, Geremia JM. Foam rolling acute effects on myofascial tissue stiffness and muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2023;37:951\u201368.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"1514_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003757","volume":"36","author":"R Kiyono","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kiyono R, Onuma R, Yasaka K, Sato S, Yahata K, Nakamura M. Effects of 5-week foam rolling intervention on range of motion and muscle stiffness. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2022;36:1890\u20135.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"1514_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02041-0","volume":"54","author":"A Konrad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Konrad A, Alizadeh S, Anvar SH, Fischer J, Manieu J, Behm DG. Static stretch training versus foam rolling training effects on range of motion: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2024;54:2311\u201326.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1514_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31825c2bc1","volume":"27","author":"GZ MacDonald","year":"2013","unstructured":"MacDonald GZ, Penney MDH, Mullaley ME, Cuconato AL, Drake CDJ, Behm DG, Button DC. An acute bout of self-myofascial release increases range of motion without a subsequent decrease in muscle activation or force. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2013;27:812\u201321.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"1514_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001051","volume":"31","author":"B Behara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Behara B, Jacobson BH. Acute effects of deep tissue foam rolling and dynamic stretching on muscular strength, power, and flexibility in division I linemen. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2017;31:888\u201392.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"1514_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318225cb27","volume":"44","author":"AD Kay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kay AD, Blazevich AJ. Effect of acute static stretch on maximal muscle performance: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exercise\u00ae. 2012;44:154\u201364.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exercise\u00ae"},{"key":"1514_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01444.x","volume":"23","author":"L Simic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simic L, Sarabon N, Markovic G. Does pre-exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta\u2010analytical review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23:131\u201348.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"1514_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2019.10.019","volume":"24","author":"S Hendricks","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hendricks S, den Hollander S, Lombard W, Parker R. Effects of foam rolling on performance and recovery: A systematic review of the literature to guide practitioners on the use of foam rolling. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24:151\u201374.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05382-2","volume":"124","author":"S Ketelhut","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ketelhut S, Oechslin L, Zehnder C, Kubica C, Nigg CR. Acute self-myofascial release modulates cardiac autonomic function and hemodynamic parameters at rest and reduces cardiovascular stress reaction. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024;124:1535\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1514_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthtr.2016.07.002","volume":"32","author":"J Freiwald","year":"2016","unstructured":"Freiwald J, Baumgart C, K\u00fchnemann M, Hoppe MW. Foam-Rolling in sport and therapy \u2013 Potential benefits and risks: part 2 \u2013 Positive and adverse effects on athletic performance. Sports Orthop Traumatol. 2016;32:267\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.orthtr.2016.07.002.","journal-title":"Sports Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"1514_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0295571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295571","volume":"19","author":"K Warneke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Warneke K, Konrad A, Wilke J. The knowledge of movement experts about stretching effects: does the science reach practice? PLoS ONE. 2024;19:e0295571.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1514_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87485-8","volume":"15","author":"A Unger","year":"2025","unstructured":"Unger A, Mosgan C, Wolte C, Pettauer S, Wilke J. Knowledge of gym goers on Myths and truths in resistance training. Sci Rep. 2025;15:3401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-87485-8.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1514_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01894-1","volume":"53","author":"K Anyadike-Danes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anyadike-Danes K, Donath L, Kiely J. Coaches\u2019 perceptions of factors driving training adaptation: an international survey. Sports Med. 2023;53:2505\u201312.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1514_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01573-z","volume":"52","author":"JA Washif","year":"2022","unstructured":"Washif JA, Farooq A, Krug I, Pyne DB, Verhagen E, Taylor L, et al. Training during the COVID-19 lockdown: knowledge, beliefs, and practices of 12,526 athletes from 142 countries and six continents. Sports Med. 2022;52:933\u201348.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1514_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.01.007","volume":"24","author":"B Skinner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skinner B, Moss R, Hammond L. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of foam rolling on range of motion, recovery and markers of athletic performance. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24:105\u201322.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2024.01.006","volume":"13","author":"K Warneke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Warneke K, Pl\u00f6schberger G, Lohmann LH, Lichtenstein E, Jochum D, Siegel SD, et al. Foam rolling and stretching do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any other warm-up intervention: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 2024;13:509\u201320.","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"1514_CR26","first-page":"827","volume":"10","author":"SW Cheatham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheatham SW, Kolber MJ, Cain M, Lee M. The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: a systematic review. Int J Sports Phys Therapy. 2015;10:827.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Therapy"},{"key":"1514_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2022.01.006","volume":"30","author":"R Grieve","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grieve R, Byrne B, Clements C, Davies L-J, Durrant E, Kitchen O. The effects of foam rolling on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in healthy adults: A systematic literature review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2022;30:53\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20190845","volume":"14","author":"GA Hughes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hughes GA, Ramer LM. Duration of myofascial rolling for optimal recovery, range of motion, and performance: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Sports Phys Therapy. 2019;14:845.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Therapy"},{"key":"1514_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4315","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074315","volume":"19","author":"JC Pagaduan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pagaduan JC, Chang S-Y, Chang N-J. Chronic effects of foam rolling on flexibility and performance: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:4315.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1514_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449926","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00376","volume":"10","author":"T Wiewelhove","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wiewelhove T, D\u00f6weling A, Schneider C, Hottenrott L, Meyer T, Kellmann M, et al. A meta-analysis of the effects of foam rolling on performance and recovery. Front Physiol. 2019;10:449926.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1514_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9010020","volume":"9","author":"LM Mart\u00ednez-Aranda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Aranda LM, Sanz-Matesanz M, Garc\u00eda-Mantilla ED, Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez FT. Effects of Self-Myofascial release on athletes\u2019 physical performance: A systematic review. J Funct Morphology Kinesiol. 2024;9:20.","journal-title":"J Funct Morphology Kinesiol"},{"key":"1514_CR32","unstructured":"Wilke J, Debertshaeuser J. Acute effect of foam rolling on muscle stiffness - a systematic review with meta-analysis. Biology Sports. 2025."},{"key":"1514_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-04975-7","volume":"122","author":"K Kasahara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kasahara K, Konrad A, Yoshida R, Murakami Y, Sato S, Aizawa K, et al. Comparison between 6-week foam rolling intervention program with and without vibration on rolling and non-rolling sides. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022;122:2061\u201370.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1514_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2019.102514","volume":"67","author":"F Krause","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krause F, Wilke J, Niederer D, Vogt L, Banzer W. Acute effects of foam rolling on passive stiffness, stretch sensation and fascial sliding: A randomized controlled trial. Hum Mov Sci. 2019;67:102514.","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"1514_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.12.036","volume":"26","author":"A Griefahn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Griefahn A, Knicker A, von Piekartz H. Efficacy of foam rolling with additional vibration stimulation on the mobility of the thoracolumbar fascia. An observational study. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021;26:84\u201393.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2016.05.011","volume":"21","author":"A Griefahn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Griefahn A, Oehlmann J, Zalpour C, von Piekartz H. Do exercises with the foam roller have a short-term impact on the thoracolumbar fascia?\u2013a randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017;21:186\u201393.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11080147","volume":"11","author":"Y Nakai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakai Y, Oe K, Matsuno R, Kiyama R, Kawada M, Takeshita Y, et al. Effect of self-myofascial release of the lower back on myofascial gliding, lumbar flexibility, and abdominal trunk muscle strength: a crossover study. Sports. 2023;11:147.","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"1514_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01149-y","volume":"49","author":"DG Behm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Behm DG, Wilke J. Do self-myofascial release devices release myofascia? Rolling mechanisms: a narrative review. Sports Med. 2019;49:1173\u201381.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1514_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2023.04.016","volume":"35","author":"F Medeiros","year":"2023","unstructured":"Medeiros F, Martins W, Behm D, Ribeiro D, Marinho E, Santos W, Viana RB. Acute effects of foam roller or stick massage on indirect markers from exercise-induced muscle damage in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2023;35:273\u201383.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2024.10.009","volume":"40","author":"J Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou J, Jia D, Mao J, Xu Y. Preventive effect of foam rolling on muscle soreness after exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2024;40:1890\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habscheid C, Szikszay TM, Luedtke K. The effect of foam rolling on local and distant pain sensitivity assessed with pressure pain thresholds in healthy participants and musculoskeletal pain patients: A systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2024.05.027"},{"key":"1514_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07276-6","volume":"25","author":"IS Santos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santos IS, Dibai-Filho AV, Dos Santos PG, J\u00fanior JDA, de Oliveira DD, Rocha DS, Fidelis-de-Paula-Gomes CA. Effects of foam roller on pain intensity in individuals with chronic and acute musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review of randomized trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25:172.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"1514_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2021.102737","volume":"59","author":"Z Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Z, Wu J, Wang X, Wu J, Ren Z. The effects of myofascial release technique for patients with low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2021;59:102737.","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"1514_CR44","first-page":"1519","volume":"10","author":"A Padr\u00f3n-Cabo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Padr\u00f3n-Cabo A, Alonso-Calvete A, Radzimi\u0144ski \u0141, Rey E, Lorenzo-Mart\u00ednez M. Acute effects of foam rolling vs. vibration foam rolling on blood flow parameters in professional soccer players: a randomized crossover design. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2022;10:1519.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"1514_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31829480f5","volume":"28","author":"T Okamoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okamoto T, Masuhara M, Ikuta K. Acute effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roller on arterial function. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2014;28:69\u201373.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"1514_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004125","volume":"35","author":"A Alonso-Calvete","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alonso-Calvete A, Padron-Cabo A, Lorenzo-Mart\u00ednez M, Rey E. Acute effects of foam rolling on blood flow measured by ultrasonography in soccer players. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2021;35:3256\u20139.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"1514_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2021.626","volume":"20","author":"J Schroeder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schroeder J, Wilke J, Hollander K. Effects of foam rolling duration on tissue stiffness and perfusion: a randomized cross-over trial. J Sports Sci Med. 2021;20:626.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"1514_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2021.02.012","volume":"27","author":"A Yoshimura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoshimura A, Sekine Y, Schleip R, Furusyo A, Yamazaki K, Inami T, et al. The acute mechanism of the self-massage-induced effects of using a foam roller. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021;27:103\u201312.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-018-0128-1","volume":"4","author":"C-M Gordon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gordon C-M, Lindner SM, Birbaumer N, Montoya P, Ankney RL, Andrasik F. Self-myofascial vibro-shearing: a randomized controlled trial of Biomechanical and related changes in male breakdancers. Sports medicine-open. 2018;4:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Sports medicine-open"},{"key":"1514_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723092","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.723092","volume":"12","author":"D Shu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shu D, Zhang C, Dai S, Wang S, Liu J, Ding J. Acute effects of foam rolling on hamstrings after half-marathon: a muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Physiol. 2021;12:723092.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1514_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001641","volume":"31","author":"T Hotfiel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hotfiel T, Swoboda B, Krinner S, Grim C, Engelhardt M, Uder M, Heiss RU. Acute effects of lateral thigh foam rolling on arterial tissue perfusion determined by spectral doppler and power doppler ultrasound. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2017;31:893\u2013900.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"1514_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2023.07.011","volume":"36","author":"S Schroeter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schroeter S, Lohmann B, Magosch A, Heiss R, Grim C, Freiwald J, et al. Effects of foam rolling on Vastus intermedius and lateralis microvascular blood flow. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2023;36:228\u201334.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9118","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17239118","volume":"17","author":"Y-H Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai Y-H, Wang A-Y, Yang C-C, Guo L-Y. The recovery benefit on skin blood flow using vibrating foam rollers for postexercise muscle fatigue in runners. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:9118.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1514_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5360","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225360","volume":"10","author":"KM Bartsch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bartsch KM, Baumgart C, Freiwald J, Wilke J, Slomka G, Turnh\u00f6fer S, et al. Expert consensus on the contraindications and cautions of foam rolling-an international Delphi study. J Clin Med. 2021;10:5360.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1514_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2019.05.002","volume":"23","author":"SW Cheatham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheatham SW, Stull KR. Roller massage: comparison of three different surface type pattern foam rollers on passive knee range of motion and pain perception. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2019;23:555\u201360.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.17.4.432","volume":"17","author":"PF Curran","year":"2008","unstructured":"Curran PF, Fiore RD, Crisco JJ. A comparison of the pressure exerted on soft tissue by 2 myofascial rollers. J Sport Rehabilitation. 2008;17:432\u201342.","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabilitation"},{"key":"1514_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001906","volume":"32","author":"L Grabow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grabow L, Young JD, Alcock LR, Quigley PJ, Byrne JM, Granacher U, et al. Higher quadriceps roller massage forces do not amplify range-of-motion increases nor impair strength and jump performance. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2018;32:3059\u201369.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"1514_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0319148","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319148","volume":"20","author":"N Hirose","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hirose N, Yoshimura A, Akiyama K, Furusho A. Sex and pressure effects of foam rolling on acute range of motion in the hamstring muscles. PLoS ONE. 2025;20:e0319148.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1514_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14313","volume":"33","author":"P Desai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Desai P, Jungmalm J, B\u00f6rjesson M, Karlsson J, Grau S. Effectiveness of an 18-week general strength and foam\u2010rolling intervention on running\u2010related injuries in recreational runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2023;33:766\u201375.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"1514_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0366","volume":"28","author":"SW Cheatham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheatham SW. Roller massage: a descriptive survey of allied health professionals. J Sport Rehabilitation. 2019;28:640\u20139.","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabilitation"},{"key":"1514_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2018.01.015","volume":"22","author":"SW Cheatham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheatham SW, Stull KR. Knowledge of self-myofascial release among allied health students in the united states: A descriptive survey. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018;22:713\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1514_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20180920","volume":"13","author":"SW Cheatham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheatham SW, Stull KR, Ambler-Wright T. Roller massage: survey of physical therapy professionals and a commentary on clinical standards-part Ii. Int J Sports Phys Therapy. 2018;13:920.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Therapy"},{"key":"1514_CR63","unstructured":"Helmrich R, Leppelmeier I. Sinkt die Halbwertszeit von Wissen. Theoretische Annahmen und empirische Befunde. Bonn. 2020."}],"container-title":["BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01514-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01514-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01514-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T17:03:23Z","timestamp":1771952603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01514-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01514-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-1847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-1847","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants were informed of the potential risks, benefits, and dissemination of the research before providing written informed consent to participate. Furthermore, all participants and, in the case of minors, their parents\/legal guardians, gave their written consent to participate in this study and were informed that they could withdraw their participation at any time without giving reasons. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University of Graz (protocol number GZ. 39\/227\/63 ex 2023\/24). During the study process, the authors followed the rules of the Helsinki Declaration.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"104"}}