{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T21:57:37Z","timestamp":1777067857908,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005224","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BN012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BN012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alz Res Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0314-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T05:44:16Z","timestamp":1517982256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":195,"title":["Design and first baseline data of the DZNE multicenter observational study on predementia Alzheimer\u2019s disease (DELCODE)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Jessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Spottke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Boecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Brosseron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Buerger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cihan","family":"Catak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Fliessbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christiana","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Heneka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Janowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Kilimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Laske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Menne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nestor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Priller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Pross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Speck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eike Jakob","family":"Spruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Teipel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Vukovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Westerteicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Wiltfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Wolfsgruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emrah","family":"D\u00fczel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00062-4","volume":"15","author":"B Winblad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Winblad B, Amouyel P, Andrieu S, Ballard C, Brayne C, Brodaty H, et al. Defeating Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias: a priority for European science and society. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:455\u2013532.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"314_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.03.007","volume":"9","author":"B Vellas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vellas B, Carrillo MC, Sampaio C, Brashear HR, Siemers E, Hampel H, et al. Designing drug trials for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: what we have learned from the release of the phase III antibody trials: a report from the EU\/US\/CTAD Task Force. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9:438\u201344.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"314_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.177","volume":"12","author":"EM Reiman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reiman EM, Langbaum JB, Tariot PN, Lopera F, Bateman RJ, Morris JC, et al. CAP\u2014advancing the evaluation of preclinical Alzheimer disease treatments. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016;12:56\u201361.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"314_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150105","volume":"48","author":"A Koppara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koppara A, Frommann I, Polcher A, Parra MA, Maier W, Jessen F, et al. Feature binding deficits in subjective cognitive decline and in mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;48 Suppl 1:161\u201370.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"314_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000204","volume":"29","author":"CM Smart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smart CM, Krawitz A. The impact of subjective cognitive decline on Iowa Gambling Task performance. Neuropsychology. 2015;29:971\u201387.","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"314_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12336","volume":"130","author":"AJ Mitchell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mitchell AJ, Beaumont H, Ferguson D, Yadegarfar M, Stubbs B. Risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older people with subjective memory complaints: meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;130:439\u201351.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"314_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826c1a8d","volume":"79","author":"L Scheef","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scheef L, Spottke A, Daerr M, Joe A, Striepens N, K\u00f6lsch H, Popp J, Daamen M, Gorris D, Heneka MT, Boecker H, Biersack HJ, Maier W, Schild HH, Wagner M, Jessen F. Glucose metabolism, gray matter structure, and memory decline in subjective memory impairment. Neurology. 2012;79:1332\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"314_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.05.1764","volume":"10","author":"J Peter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peter J, Scheef L, Abdulkadir A, Boecker H, Heneka M, Wagner M, et al. Gray matter atrophy pattern in elderly with subjective memory impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10:99\u2013108.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"314_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.08.004","volume":"9","author":"AC Harten van","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Harten AC, Visser PJ, Pijnenburg YA, Teunissen CE, Blankenstein MA, Scheltens P, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid A\u03b242 is the best predictor of clinical progression in patients with subjective complaints. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9:481\u20137.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"314_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1159\/000439258","volume":"16","author":"A Sierra-Rio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sierra-Rio A, Balasa M, Olives J, Antonell A, Iranzo A, Castellv\u00ed M, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers predict clinical evolution in patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. Neurodegener Dis. 2016;16:69\u201376.","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"314_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfsgruber S, Polcher A, Koppara A, Kleineidam L, Fr\u00f6lich L, Peters O, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and clinical progression in patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis.2017;58:939-50.","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161252"},{"key":"314_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.01.001","volume":"10","author":"F Jessen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jessen F, Amariglio RE, van Boxtel M, Breteler M, Ceccaldi M, Ch\u00e9telat G, et al. A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10:844\u201352.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"314_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.09.012","volume":"13","author":"JL Molinuevo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Molinuevo JL, Rabin LA, Amariglio R, Buckley R, Dubois B, Ellis KA, et al. Implementation of subjective cognitive decline criteria in research studies. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13:296\u2013311.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"314_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.003","volume":"7","author":"RA Sperling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Craft S, Fagan AM, et al. Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging\u2013Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:280\u201392.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"314_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.80","volume":"68","author":"S Erk","year":"2011","unstructured":"Erk S, Spottke A, Meisen A, Wagner M, Walter H, Jessen F. Evidence of neuronal compensation during episodic memory in subjective memory impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:845\u201352.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"314_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-016-0810-z","volume":"60","author":"RF Buckley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buckley RF, Villemagne VL, Masters CL, Ellis KA, Rowe CC, Johnson K, et al. A conceptualization of the utility of subjective cognitive decline in clinical trials of preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Mol Neurosci. 2016;60:354\u201361.","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"314_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","volume":"7","author":"MS Albert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging\u2013Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:270\u20139.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"314_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","volume":"7","author":"GM McKhann","year":"2011","unstructured":"McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, Jack Jr CR, Kawas CH, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging\u2013Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:263\u20139.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"314_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160637","volume":"56","author":"A Polcher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polcher A, Frommann I, Koppara A, Wolfsgruber S, Jessen F, Wagner M. Face\u2013name associative recognition deficits in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;56:1185\u201396.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"314_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54035","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054035","volume":"8","author":"NT Dam Van","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Dam NT, Sano M, Mitsis EM, Grossman HT, Gu X, Park Y, et al. Functional neural correlates of attentional deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. PLoS One. 2013;8:e54035.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"314_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.274","volume":"3","author":"S Janelidze","year":"2016","unstructured":"Janelidze S, Zetterberg H, Mattsson N, Palmqvist S, Vanderstichele H, Lindberg O, et al. CSF A\u03b242\/A\u03b240 and A\u03b242\/A\u03b238 ratios: better diagnostic markers of Alzheimer disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2016;3:154\u201365.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"314_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.8.1555","volume":"52","author":"F Hulstaert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hulstaert F, Blennow K, Ivanoiu A, Schoonderwaldt HC, Riemenschneider M, De Deyn PP, et al. Improved discrimination of AD patients using beta-amyloid(1 42) and tau levels in CSF. Neurology. 1999;52:1555\u201362.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"314_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.12.023","volume":"10","author":"FH Duits","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duits FH, Teunissen CE, Bouwman FH, Visser P, Mattsson N, Zetterberg H, et al. The cerebrospinal fluid \u201cAlzheimer profile\u201d: easily said, but what does it mean? Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10:713\u201323.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"314_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2014.01.017","volume":"32","author":"M Davids","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davids M, Z\u00f6llner FG, Ruttorf M, Nees F, Flor H, Schumann G, et al. Fully-automated quality assurance in multi-center studies using MRI phantom measurements. Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;32:771\u201380.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"314_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.01.057","volume":"46","author":"A Joshi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Joshi A, Koeppe RA, Fessler JA. Reducing between scanner differences in multi-cente PET studies. Neuroimage. 2009;46:154\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"314_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70077-1","volume":"10","author":"H Barthel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barthel H, Gertz HJ, Dresel S, Peters O, Bartenstein P, Buerger K, et al. Cerebral amyloid-\u03b2 PET with florbetaben (18 F) in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and healthy controls: a multicentre phase 2 diagnostic study. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:424\u201335.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"314_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3181e2fc84","volume":"24","author":"E Teng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teng E, Becker BW, Woo E, Knopman DS, Cummings JL, Lu PH. Utility of the functional activities questionnaire for distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from very mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2010;24:348\u201353.","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"314_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.1999.6340301.x","volume":"63","author":"RM Corbo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Corbo RM, Scacchi R. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele distribution in the world. Is APOE*4 a \u2018thrifty\u2019 allele? Ann Hum Genet. 1999;63:301\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13195-017-0314-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T19:48:45Z","timestamp":1549482525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alzres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13195-017-0314-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-017-0314-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-9193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-9193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the ethical committees of the medical faculties of all participating sites: the ethical committees of Berlin (Charit\u00e9, University Medicine), Bonn, Cologne, G\u00f6ttingen, Magdeburg, Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-University), Rostock, and T\u00fcbingen. The process was led and coordinated by the ethical committee of the medical faculty of the University of Bonn. The registration number of the trial at the ethical committee in Bonn is 117\/13.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests with regard to the content of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"15"}}