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By means of gene expression microarray analysis, we have investigated genes which are potential targets for prevention of fat cell differentiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data show that BMP2 promotes both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, while transforming growth factor beta (TGF\u03b2) inhibits differentiation into both lineages. However, when cells are cultured under adipogenic differentiation conditions, which contain cAMP-enhancing agents such as IBMX of PGE2, TGF\u03b2 promotes osteogenic differentiation, while at the same time inhibiting adipogenic differentiation. Gene expression and immunoblot analysis indicated that IBMX-induced suppression of HDAC5 levels plays an important role in the inhibitory effect of TGF\u03b2 on osteogenic differentiation. By means of gene expression microarray analysis, we have investigated genes which are downregulated by TGF\u03b2 under adipogenic differentiation conditions and may therefore be potential targets for prevention of fat cell differentiation. We thus identified nine genes for which FDA-approved drugs are available. Our results show that drugs directed against the nuclear hormone receptor PPARG, the metalloproteinase ADAMTS5, and the aldo-keto reductase AKR1B10 inhibit adipogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, although in contrast to TGF\u03b2 they do not appear to promote osteogenic differentiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The approach chosen in this study has resulted in the identification of new targets for inhibition of fat cell differentiation, which may not only be relevant for prevention of osteoporosis, but also of obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-016-0375-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]],"date-time":"2016-08-26T01:36:19Z","timestamp":1472175379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["TGF\u03b2-induced switch from adipogenic to osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells: identification of drug targets for prevention of fat cell differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Everardus J.","family":"van Zoelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sebastian P.","family":"van der Woning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"375_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602012000300009","volume":"45","author":"AM Pino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pino AM, Rosen CJ, Rodriguez JP. 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