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Throughout this process, energy and structural macromolecules are necessary to sustain the high proliferative rates. The extensive knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying pulmonary development contrasts with the lack of data regarding the embryonic lung metabolic requirements. Here, we studied the metabolic profile associated with the early stages of chicken pulmonary branching.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, we used an ex vivo lung explant culture system and analyzed the consumption\/production of extracellular metabolic intermediates associated with glucose catabolism (alanine, lactate, and acetate) by <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H-NMR spectroscopy in the culture medium. Then, we characterized the transcript levels of metabolite membrane transporters (<jats:italic>glut1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>glut3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>glut8<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mct1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mct3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mct4<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>mct8<\/jats:italic>) and glycolytic enzymes (<jats:italic>hk1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hk2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pfk1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ldha<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ldhb<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pdha<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>pdhb<\/jats:italic>) by qPCR. <jats:italic>ldha<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ldhb<\/jats:italic> mRNA spatial localization was determined by in situ hybridization. Proliferation was analyzed by directly assessing DNA synthesis using an EdU-based assay. Additionally, we performed western blot to analyze LDHA and LDHT protein levels. Finally, we used a Clark-Type Electrode to assess the lung explant's respiratory capacity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Glucose consumption decreases, whereas alanine, lactate, and acetate production progressively increase as branching morphogenesis proceeds. mRNA analysis revealed variations in the expression levels of key enzymes and transporters from the glycolytic pathway. <jats:italic>ldha<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ldhb<\/jats:italic> displayed a compartment-specific expression pattern that resembles proximal\u2013distal markers. In addition, high proliferation levels were detected at active branching sites. LDH protein expression levels suggest that LDHB may account for the progressive rise in lactate. Concurrently, there is a stable oxygen consumption rate throughout branching morphogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This report describes the temporal metabolic changes that accompany the early stages of chicken lung branching morphogenesis. Overall, the embryonic chicken lung seems to shift to a glycolytic lactate-based metabolism as pulmonary branching occurs. Moreover, this metabolic rewiring might play a crucial role during lung development.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-021-00654-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T09:03:03Z","timestamp":1626512583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Lung branching morphogenesis is accompanied by temporal metabolic changes towards a glycolytic preference"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"Fernandes-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco G.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Ara\u00fajo-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Correia-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1763-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rute S.","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"654_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00001.2018","author":"JA Whitsett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Xu Y, Kalinichenko VV. 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