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This research aims to investigate the underlying structural factors that contribute to this inequity in Portugal, with a particular focus on farming systems. A logit model was developed using agricultural census data at the commune level, with the percentage of farmers receiving direct payments as the dependent variable. The findings reveal that the local importance of arable crops (cereals) and cattle farming systems, as well as the existence of larger farms and younger farmers, all contributed to farmers' increasing access to direct payments between 2009 and 2019. In traditional Mediterranean farming systems, access to direct payments has been restricted to a smaller proportion of farmers. Nevertheless, it is evident that a certain degree of redistribution took place during the previous programming cycle of the common agricultural policy. This redistribution included a shift in support from larger to smaller farmers, older to younger farmers, and from olives, cereals, and cattle to other farming systems, particularly vineyards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40100-024-00299-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T08:03:23Z","timestamp":1707465803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Examining disparities in common agriculture policy direct payments among farming systems: evidence from Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3948-3727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Dinis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"299_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.17221\/87\/2021-AGRICECON","volume":"67","author":"JL Alfaro-Navarro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alfaro-Navarro JL, Andr\u00e9s-Mart\u00ednez ME (2021) A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of the distribution of Common Agricultural Policy aids in European countries. 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