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Nonetheless, research suggests that prison sentences have a null or a criminogenic effect on recidivism and a critical impact on inmates\u2019 mental health, negatively interfering with their successful reintegration into society and recidivism. Prevalence rates of mental health disorders among individuals who commit crimes are high, but little is known about how incarceration perpetuates and\/or worsens mental health symptoms. In the Portuguese context, no studies focused on understanding the impact of imprisonment on prisoners\u2019 mental health. Thus, this project aims to understand incarceration\u2019s mental health and well-being impact on male and female individuals convicted to prison, both while incarcerated and after release.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study will follow a quantitative cross-sectional design of male and female individuals in prison and parole, aiming to assess different samples at different moments of the prison sentence. It will also follow a longitudinal design in a subsample of male and female individuals sentenced to prison and on parole who will be followed for one year.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study intends to have a meaningful impact on the understanding of imprisonment effects, giving important clues for developing and implementing evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies to address prisoners\u2019 and ex-prisoners\u2019 mental health and improve their ability to successfully reintegrate into society and reduce recidivism.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01252-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T14:02:30Z","timestamp":1690293750000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The impact of imprisonment on individuals\u2019 mental health and society reintegration: study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreia de","family":"Castro Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Caridade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Telma Catarina","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1252_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Petrich DM, Pratt TC, Jonson CL, Cullen FT. 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