{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:13:59Z","timestamp":1773422039222,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"P\u00f3voa de Varzim Municipality"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents has a considerable impact on daily life, restricting tasks and diminishing overall quality of life while potentially leading to stigmatization. This study aims to measure the impact of a mental health literacy intervention program, called \u201cBicho de 7 Cabe\u00e7as\u201d project, in b-learning format, on the increase of knowledge and the decrease of stigma in young people from P\u00f3voa de Varzim, in Portugal. A quasi-experimental study was conducted, from November 2022 to May 2023, involving an experimental group (\u201cBicho de 7 Cabe\u00e7as\u201d protocol) and an active control group (informational brochures), utilizing a pre-test\/post-test design. Mental Health Literacy Measure-MHLM, Mental Health Promoting Knowledge Scale-MHPK-10, Mental Illness Knowledge Schedule-MAKS, Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale-RIBS, and Community Attitudes toward People with Mental Illness-CAMI were used. A total of 504 young students from the 9th grade enroll in this study, with a mean age around 14 years old. There is a significant difference between stigma (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;.001) and knowledge (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;.001) scores at baseline and follow-up. The results of this study shows that interventions aimed at young people for the promotion of mental health literacy and stigma reduction are needed and more initiatives should be implemented in schools to address these problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01591-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T14:06:55Z","timestamp":1708697215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessing the efficacy of the \u2018Bicho De 7 Cabe\u00e7as\u2019 B-learning school-based program in enhancing mental health literacy and reducing stigma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0513-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gislene","family":"Meilsmeidth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-7196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Trigueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Sim\u00f5es-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4703-1712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Sim\u00f5es de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9689-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3975-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Veloso","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3639-8634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6550-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2506-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4390-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Soutelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8656-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1591_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Improving the mental and brain health of children and adolescents. 2023."},{"issue":"4","key":"1591_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796015001158","volume":"26","author":"HE Erskine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Erskine HE, Baxter AJ, Patton G, Moffitt TE, Patel V, Whiteford HA, et al. The global coverage of prevalence data for mental disorders in children and adolescents. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2017;26(4):395\u2013402.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1591_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12381","volume":"56","author":"GV Polanczyk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA. Annual Research Review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56(3):345\u201365.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1591_CR4","unstructured":"DGS. A sa\u00fade dos adolescentes Portugueses em contexto de pandemia - dados nacionais 2022. Lisboa; 2022."},{"key":"1591_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.12.105","volume":"31","author":"P Fusar-Poli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fusar-Poli P, Salazar de Pablo G, De Micheli A, Nieman DH, Correll CU, Kessing LV, et al. What is good mental health? A scoping review. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020;31:33\u201346.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02659-0","volume":"20","author":"A Aguirre Velasco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aguirre Velasco A, Cruz ISS, Billings J, Jimenez M, Rowe S. What are the barriers, facilitators and interventions targeting help-seeking behaviours for common mental health problems in adolescents? A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):293.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1591_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.04.004","volume":"279","author":"C Godfrey Born","year":"2019","unstructured":"Godfrey Born C, McClelland A, Furnham A. Mental health literacy for autism spectrum disorder and depression. Psychiatry Res. 2019;279:272\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1591_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renwick L, Pedley R, Johnson I, Bell V, Lovell K, Bee P et al. Mental health literacy in children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a mixed studies systematic review and narrative synthesis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-01997-6"},{"key":"1591_CR9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Mental Health Action 2021."},{"issue":"5","key":"1591_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2018.04.007","volume":"32","author":"JL Tay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tay JL, Tay YF, Klainin-Yobas P. Mental health literacy levels. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2018;32(5):757\u201363.","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"1591_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campos L, Dias P, Duarte A, Veiga E, Dias CC, Palha F. Is it possible to Find Space for Mental Health in Young people? Effectiveness of a School-Based Mental Health Literacy Promotion Program. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(7).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071426"},{"key":"1591_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.51952\/9781447344520.ch004","volume-title":"The concept of mental health literacy. International handbook of health literacy: Research, practice and policy across the life-span","author":"AF Jorm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jorm AF. The concept of mental health literacy. International handbook of health literacy: Research, practice and policy across the life-span. Bristol, United Kingdom: Policy; 2019. pp. 53\u201366."},{"key":"1591_CR13","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Mental health. 2018."},{"key":"1591_CR14","unstructured":"European Union. European Framework for Action on Mental Health. 2016."},{"key":"1591_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nobre J, Oliveira AP, Monteiro F, Sequeira C, Ferr\u00e9-Grau C. Promotion of Mental Health Literacy in adolescents: a scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189500"},{"key":"1591_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amado-Rodr\u00edguez ID, Casa\u00f1as R, Mas-Exp\u00f3sito L, Castellv\u00ed P, Roldan-Merino JF, Casas I et al. Effectiveness of Mental Health Literacy Programs in primary and secondary schools: a systematic review with Meta-analysis. Child (Basel). 2022;9(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/children9040480"},{"key":"1591_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604072","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2021.1604072","volume":"66","author":"AM Fre\u0163ian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fre\u0163ian AM, Graf P, Kirchhoff S, Glinphratum G, Bollweg TM, Sauzet O, et al. The Long-Term Effectiveness of Interventions Addressing Mental Health Literacy and stigma of Mental illness in children and adolescents: systematic review and Meta-analysis. Int J Public Health. 2021;66:1604072.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1591_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640211006155","volume":"68","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Salve HR, Nongkynrih B, Sagar R, Krishnan A. Mental health literacy among adolescents: evidence from a community-based study in Delhi. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022;68(4):791\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1591_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sweileh WM. Global research activity on mental health literacy. Middle East Curr Psychiatry. 2021;28(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-021-00125-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12959","volume":"15","author":"Y Ojio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ojio Y, Mori R, Matsumoto K, Nemoto T, Sumiyoshi T, Fujita H, et al. Innovative approach to adolescent mental health in Japan: School-based education about mental health literacy. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2021;15(1):174\u201382.","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"1591_CR21","unstructured":"Abdinasir K. How education shapes young people\u2019s mental health. 2019."},{"key":"1591_CR22","unstructured":"Thorley C. Education Mental Health. 2016."},{"issue":"6","key":"1591_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e165","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5463","volume":"18","author":"B Brijnath","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brijnath B, Protheroe J, Mahtani KR, Antoniades J. Do web-based Mental Health Literacy Interventions Improve the Mental Health Literacy of Adult Consumers? Results from a systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18(6):e165.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1591_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0197102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197102","volume":"13","author":"AJ Morgan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgan AJ, Ross A, Reavley NJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of Mental Health First Aid training: effects on knowledge, stigma, and helping behaviour. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(5):e0197102.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"1591_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12461","volume":"86","author":"JP Salerno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salerno JP. Effectiveness of Universal School-Based Mental Health Awareness Programs among Youth in the United States: a systematic review. J Sch Health. 2016;86(12):922\u201331.","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"1591_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13449","volume":"25","author":"S Seedaket","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seedaket S, Turnbull N, Phajan T, Wanchai A. Improving mental health literacy in adolescents: systematic review of supporting intervention studies. Trop Med Int Health. 2020;25(9):1055\u201364.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1591_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-019-01036-8","volume":"43","author":"MC Fadus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fadus MC, Harrison JD. A missed opportunity: Universal School-Based Mental Health Literacy Programs. Acad Psychiatry. 2019;43(4):457\u201360.","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1591_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.02.018","volume":"55","author":"R Milin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Milin R, Kutcher S, Lewis SP, Walker S, Wei Y, Ferrill N, et al. Impact of a Mental Health Curriculum on Knowledge and Stigma among High School students: a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016;55(5):383\u201391e1.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5855-1","volume":"18","author":"R Casa\u00f1as","year":"2018","unstructured":"Casa\u00f1as R, Arfuch VM, Castellv\u00ed P, Gil JJ, Torres M, Pujol A, et al. EspaiJove.net- a school-based intervention programme to promote mental health and eradicate stigma in the adolescent population: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):939.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1591_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2014.11.007","volume":"24","author":"S Kutcher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kutcher S, Bagnell A, Wei Y. Mental health literacy in secondary schools: a Canadian approach. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2015;24(2):233\u201344.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"1591_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16317","DOI":"10.2196\/16317","volume":"22","author":"S Liverpool","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liverpool S, Mota CP, Sales CMD, \u010cu\u0161 A, Carletto S, Hancheva C, et al. Engaging children and Young People in Digital Mental Health Interventions: systematic review of modes of delivery, facilitators, and barriers. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(6):e16317.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4s","key":"1591_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.06.020","volume":"59","author":"JK Das","year":"2016","unstructured":"Das JK, Salam RA, Lassi ZS, Khan MN, Mahmood W, Patel V, et al. Interventions for adolescent Mental Health: an overview of systematic reviews. J Adolesc Health. 2016;59(4s):49\u2013s60.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1591_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12663","volume":"58","author":"C Hollis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hollis C, Falconer CJ, Martin JL, Whittington C, Stockton S, Glazebrook C, et al. Annual Research Review: Digital health interventions for children and young people with mental health problems - a systematic and meta-review. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017;58(4):474\u2013503.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14558-y","volume":"22","author":"R Casa\u00f1as","year":"2022","unstructured":"Casa\u00f1as R, Castellvi P, Gil J-J, Torres-Torres M, Bar\u00f3n J, Teixid\u00f3 M, et al. The effectiveness of a EspaiJove. net-a school-based intervention programme in increasing mental health knowledge, help seeking and reducing stigma attitudes in the adolescent population: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):2425.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"1591_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14393","volume":"76","author":"JL Tay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tay JL, Goh YS, Klainin-Yobas P. Online HOPE intervention on mental health literacy among youths in Singapore: an RCT protocol. J Adv Nurs. 2020;76(7):1831\u20139.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"1591_CR36","unstructured":"Servi\u00e7o Nacional de Sa\u00fade. Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do Plano Nacional de Sa\u00fade Mental 2007\u20132016 e Propostas Priorit\u00e1rias Para a Extens\u00e3o a 2020. 2017. 2017."},{"issue":"15","key":"1591_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8022","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18158022","volume":"18","author":"T Morgado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morgado T, Loureiro L, Rebelo Botelho MA, Marques MI, Mart\u00ednez-Riera JR, Melo P. Adolescents\u2019 empowerment for mental health literacy in school: a pilot study on ProLiSMental psychoeducational intervention. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(15):8022.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1591_CR38","unstructured":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o Psicossocial. Projeto Bicho 7 cabe\u00e7as. 2017 [Available from: https:\/\/www.labrp.pt\/setecabecas2\/index.php."},{"issue":"4","key":"1591_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043318","volume":"20","author":"R Sim\u00f5es de Almeida","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es de Almeida R, Trigueiro MJ, Portugal P, de Sousa S, Sim\u00f5es-Silva V, Campos F, et al. Mental Health Literacy and Stigma in a municipality in the North of Portugal: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(4):3318.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1591_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen L, Manion L, Morrison K. Research Methods in Education. 6th Edition ed. London2007. 656 p.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203029053"},{"key":"1591_CR41","unstructured":"John CW. In: Edition T, editor. Research Design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage; 2009."},{"issue":"5","key":"1591_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.190118","volume":"61","author":"MS Setia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Setia MS. Methodology Series Module 5: sampling strategies. Indian J Dermatol. 2016;61(5):505\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0925-0","volume":"8","author":"CE Kennedy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kennedy CE, Fonner VA, Armstrong KA, Denison JA, Yeh PT, O\u2019Reilly KR, et al. The evidence project risk of bias tool: assessing study rigor for both randomized and non-randomized intervention studies. Syst Rev. 2019;8(1):3.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1591_CR44","first-page":"333","volume":"79","author":"DE Barrett","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barrett DE. The three stages of adolescence. High School J. 1996;79(4):333\u20139.","journal-title":"High School J"},{"key":"1591_CR45","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Participant manual: IMAI one-day orientation on adolescents living with HIV. 2010."},{"key":"1591_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-1-2","volume":"1","author":"D Moher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2001;1:2.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4733-6","volume":"17","author":"HN Bjornsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bjornsen HN, Eilertsen MEB, Ringdal R, Espnes GA, Moksnes UK. Positive mental health literacy: development and validation of a measure among Norwegian adolescents. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):717.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1591_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es AC, Trigueiro MJ, Coelho T, Maia I, Sim\u00f5es de Almeida R, Sim\u00f5es-Silva V et al. Validation of the Mental Health promoting knowledge scale (MHPK-10) for the Portuguese population. RevSALUS - Revista Cient\u00edfica Da Rede Acad\u00e9mica das Ci\u00eancias Da Sa\u00fade Da Lusofonia. 2022;4(1).","DOI":"10.51126\/revsalus.v4i1.184"},{"key":"1591_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.06.034","volume":"243","author":"H Jung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jung H, von Sternberg K, Davis K. Expanding a measure of mental health literacy: development and validation of a multicomponent mental health literacy measure. Psychiatry Res. 2016;243:278\u201386.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1591_CR50","volume-title":"Valida\u00e7\u00e3o do Mental Health literacy measure para a Popula\u00e7\u00e3o","author":"M Velho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Velho M. Valida\u00e7\u00e3o do Mental Health literacy measure para a Popula\u00e7\u00e3o. Portuguesa Porto: School of Health Polytechnic of Porto; 2019."},{"key":"1591_CR51","unstructured":"Camarneiro ACV. Valida\u00e7\u00e3o Da Vers\u00e3o Portuguesa Mental illness knowledge schedule (MAKS). Coimbra; 2018."},{"issue":"7","key":"1591_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500707","volume":"55","author":"S Evans-Lacko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Evans-Lacko S, Little K, Meltzer H, Rose D, Rhydderch D, Henderson C, et al. Development and psychometric properties of the Mental Health Knowledge schedule. Can J Psychiatry. 2010;55(7):440\u20138.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1591_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796011000308","volume":"20","author":"S Evans-Lacko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Evans-Lacko S, Rose D, Little K, Flach C, Rhydderch D, Henderson C, et al. Development and psychometric properties of the reported and intended behaviour scale (RIBS): a stigma-related behaviour measure. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2011;20(3):263\u201371.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"1591_CR54","volume-title":"Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para a Valida\u00e7\u00e3o Da Escola De Comportamento Discriminat\u00f3rio Perante a Doen\u00e7a Mental (RIBS) para a Popula\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa","author":"F Freitas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Freitas F. Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para a Valida\u00e7\u00e3o Da Escola De Comportamento Discriminat\u00f3rio Perante a Doen\u00e7a Mental (RIBS) para a Popula\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa. Porto, Portugal: School of Health Polytechnic of Porto; 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"1591_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000175","volume":"7","author":"I Lopes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lopes I, Sim\u00f5es de Almeida R, Marques A, Curral R, de Sousa S. Validation of the Portuguese version of community attitudes toward people with mental illness (CAMI). Porto Biomedical J. 2022;7(2):e175.","journal-title":"Porto Biomedical J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1591_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/7.2.225","volume":"7","author":"M Taylor","year":"1981","unstructured":"Taylor M, Dear M. Scaling community attitudes toward the mentally ill. Schizophr Bull. 1981;7(2):225\u201340.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"20","key":"1591_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for Medical Research Involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191\u20134.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1591_CR58","unstructured":"Mar\u00f4co J. An\u00e1lise Estat\u00edstica com o SPSS Statistics. 8\u00aa ed2018."},{"key":"1591_CR59","unstructured":"Gignac G. How2statsbook. Perth, Australia. 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"1591_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12543","volume":"28","author":"KKY Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma KKY, Anderson JK, Burn AM, Review. School-based interventions to improve mental health literacy and reduce mental health stigma - a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2023;28(2):230\u201340.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1591_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13109","volume":"15","author":"B Patafio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patafio B, Miller P, Baldwin R, Taylor N, Hyder S. A systematic mapping review of interventions to improve adolescent mental health literacy, attitudes and behaviours. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2021;15(6):1470\u2013501.","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1591_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0867-9","volume":"25","author":"S Kutcher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kutcher S, Wei Y, Costa S, Gusm\u00e3o R, Skokauskas N, Sourander A. Enhancing mental health literacy in young people. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016;25(6):567\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"1591_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420931153","volume":"54","author":"J Haliburn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haliburn J. Mental health literacy must improve. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2020;54(8):844\u20135.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1591_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mori R, Uchino T, Mizuno M, Yamaguchi T, Katagiri N, Nemoto T. Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Mental Health Literacy Educational Programme for Junior High School students: a Randomised Controlled Trial Examining changes in their knowledge, attitudes, and Behaviour. J Pers Med. 2022;12(8).","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12081281"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15922-2","volume":"23","author":"NJ Simkiss","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simkiss NJ, Gray NS, Kemp AH, Dunne C, Snowden RJ. A randomised controlled trial evaluating the Guide Cymru mental health literacy intervention programme in year 9 (age 13\u201314) school pupils in Wales. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1062.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-023-01970-0","volume":"23","author":"DT Dunn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dunn DT, Stirrup OT, McCormack S, Glidden DV. Interpretation of active-control randomised trials: the case for a new analytical perspective involving averted events. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2023;23(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR67","first-page":"45","volume":"18","author":"A Shahraki-Mohammadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shahraki-Mohammadi A, Panahi S, Ashouri A, Sayarifard A. Important Systemic Factors for Improving Adolescent Mental Health Literacy. Iran J Psychiatry. 2023;18(1):45.","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-873","volume":"13","author":"I Skre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Skre I, Friborg O, Breivik C, Johnsen LI, Arnesen Y, Wang CEA. A school intervention for mental health literacy in adolescents: effects of a non-randomized cluster controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):1\u201315.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1591_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2019.1652176","volume":"28","author":"MM Richard\u2019s","year":"2021","unstructured":"Richard\u2019s MM, Krzemien D, Valentina V, Vernucci S, Zamora EV, Comesa\u00f1a A, et al. Cognitive flexibility in adulthood and advanced age: evidence of internal and external validity. Appl Neuropsychology: Adult. 2021;28(4):464\u201378.","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychology: Adult"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9752.12649","volume":"56","author":"L Foulkes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Foulkes L, Stapley E. Want to improve school mental health interventions? Ask young people what they actually think. J Philos Educ. 2022;56(1):41\u201350.","journal-title":"J Philos Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1591_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201900575","volume":"72","author":"S Hoover","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoover S, Bostic J. Schools as a vital component of the child and adolescent mental health system. Psychiatric Serv. 2021;72(1):37\u201348.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Serv"},{"issue":"12","key":"1591_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.04.006","volume":"72","author":"MD Pinto-Foltz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinto-Foltz MD, Logsdon MC, Myers JA. Feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a knowledge-contact program to reduce mental illness stigma and improve mental health literacy in adolescents. Soc Sci Med. 2011;72(12):2011\u20139.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1591_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu J, Zhang L, Zhu X, Jiang G. Mental Health Literacy from the perspective of Multi-field experts in the context of Chinese Culture. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041387"},{"issue":"7","key":"1591_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1530-1","volume":"53","author":"M O\u2019Reilly","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Reilly M, Svirydzenka N, Adams S, Dogra N. Review of mental health promotion interventions in schools. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018;53(7):647\u201362.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01591-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01591-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01591-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T15:11:39Z","timestamp":1708701099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01591-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01591-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of School of Health\u2014Polytechnic of Porto (N\u00b0 1748). All participants or their legal guardians, in the case of minors, gave their informed consent to participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"One of the authors, A.P.S., works in this project under a grant received from P\u00f3voa de Varzim Municipality. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"93"}}