{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:56:13Z","timestamp":1775091373135,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Reflecting people with diabetes\u2019 self-management activities is often required in both research and clinical practice. This study evaluated the measurement properties of the Portuguese version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire-Revised (DSMQ-R) on a sample of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Translation and cultural adaptation were conducted according to guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation and validation of healthcare measurement instruments. A cross-sectional study was performed including 365 people with T2DM in primary care. Reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The total scale of the translated DSMQ-R revealed sufficient internal consistency (alpha\u2009=\u20090.82), and most of the subscales performed adequately. The exploratory factor structure was robust, and confirmatory analysis showed a good model fit with the scale structure of the original scale. The scale scores correlated with the participants\u2019 last HbA1c estimates, supporting convergent validity, and convergence was confirmed by the adequate average variance extracted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Portuguese version of the DSMQ-R is a reliable and valid tool for gauging self-management behaviors in people with T2DM and their relationship with glycemic values.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01900-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T12:02:56Z","timestamp":1721736176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Validation of the Portuguese version of the diabetes self-management questionnaire-revised (DSMQ-R) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dulce","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Alice","family":"Curado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1900_CR1","unstructured":"IDF. IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition [Internet]. 2021. Available from: www.diabetesatlas.org.."},{"key":"1900_CR2","unstructured":"OND. Relat\u00f3rio Anual do Observat\u00f3rio Nacional da Diabetes-Edi\u00e7\u00e3o de 2023 DIABETES Factos e N\u00fameros [Internet]. 2023. www.spd.pt."},{"issue":"9","key":"1900_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12686","volume":"32","author":"J Houle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Houle J, Beaulieu MD, Chiasson JL, Lesp\u00e9rance F, C\u00f4t\u00e9 J, Strychar I, et al. Glycaemic control and self-management behaviours in type 2 diabetes: results from a 1-year longitudinal cohort study. Diabet Med. 2015;32(9):1247\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12686.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1900_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721707308408","volume":"33","author":"RC Povey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Povey RC, Clark-Carter D. Diabetes and healthy eating: a systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Educ. 2007;33(6):931\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145721707308408.","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"1900_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deakin TA, McShane CE, Cade JE, Williams R. Group based training for self-management strategies in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd003417.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd003417.pub2"},{"key":"1900_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhat NA, Muliyala KP, Kumar S. Psychological Aspects of Diabetes. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33590\/emjdiabet\/20-00174.","DOI":"10.33590\/emjdiabet\/20-00174"},{"issue":"3","key":"1900_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/ANS.0b013e318261b1ba","volume":"35","author":"B Riegel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Riegel B, Jaarsma T, Str\u00f6mberg A. A middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. Adv Nurs Sci. 2012;35(3):194\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANS.0b013e318261b1ba.","journal-title":"Adv Nurs Sci"},{"key":"1900_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fadli. The Impact of Self-Management-Based Care Interventions on Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Philosophical Perspective. 2022; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.06.27.22276988.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.06.27.22276988"},{"key":"1900_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maina PM, Pienaar M, Reid M. Self-management practices for preventing complications of type II diabetes mellitus in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud Adv [Internet]. 2023;5:2666\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.38140\/ufs.1720675.","DOI":"10.38140\/ufs.1720675"},{"issue":"7","key":"1900_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987118782311","volume":"23","author":"B Gharaibeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gharaibeh B, Tawalbeh LI. Diabetes self-care management practices among insulin-taking patients. J Res Nurs. 2018;23(7):553\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1744987118782311.","journal-title":"J Res Nurs"},{"key":"1900_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wojujutari AK, Idemudia ES, Ugwu LE. Psychological resilience mediates the relationship between diabetes distress and depression among persons with diabetes in a multi-group analysis. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-57212-w.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57212-w"},{"key":"1900_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Protheroe J, Rowlands G, Bartlam B, Levin-Zamir D, Health Literacy. Diabetes Prevention, and Self-Management. Vol. 2017, Journal of Diabetes Research. Hindawi Publishing Corporation; 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/1298315.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1298315"},{"key":"1900_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cusick M, Meleth AD, Agr\u00b4on E, Agr\u00b4on A, Fisher MR, Reed GF et al. Associations of Mortality and Diabetes Complications in Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report no. 27 [Internet]. 2005. http:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/28\/3\/617\/654817\/zdc00305000617.pdf.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.3.617"},{"key":"1900_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stolar M. Glycemic Control and complications in type 2 diabetes Mellitus. Am J Med. 2010;123(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.12.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.12.004"},{"key":"1900_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S177314","volume":"12","author":"A Bukhsh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bukhsh A, Khan TM, Nawaz MS, Ahmed HS, Chan KG, Lee LH, et al. Association of diabetes-related self-care activities with glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes in Pakistan. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;12:2377\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S177314.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"1900_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Glasgow RE, Strycker LA. Preventive Care Practices for Diabetes Management in two primary care samples. 2000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0749-3797(00)00157-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-3797(00)00157-4"},{"key":"1900_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S005","volume":"46","author":"NA Elsayed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elsayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, et al. 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health outcomes: standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46:S68\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc23-S005.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1900_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_207_19","volume":"11","author":"M Modarresi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Modarresi M, Gholami S, Habibi P, Ghadiri-Anari A. Relationship between self care management with glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Prev Med. 2020;11(1):127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_207_19.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"1900_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shrivastava SRBL, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. Role of self-care in management of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2251-6581-12-14.","DOI":"10.1186\/2251-6581-12-14"},{"issue":"2","key":"1900_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278715588927","volume":"39","author":"Y Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu Y, Xu J, Zhao W, Han HR. Measuring self-care in persons with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Eval Health Prof. 2016;39(2):131\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0163278715588927.","journal-title":"Eval Health Prof"},{"key":"1900_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmitt A, Kulzer B, Ehrmann D, Haak T, Hermanns N. A self-report measure of diabetes self-management for type 1 and type 2 diabetes: the diabetes self-management questionnaire-revised (DSMQ-R) \u2013 clinimetric evidence from five studies. Front Clin Diabetes Healthc. 2022;2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcdhc.2021.823046.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcdhc.2021.823046"},{"key":"1900_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ling Wee PJ, Kwan YH, Fang Loh DH, Phang JK, Puar TH, \u00d8stbye T, et al. Measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures for diabetes: systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research. Volume 23. JMIR Publications Inc.; 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/25002.","DOI":"10.2196\/25002"},{"key":"1900_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures. Vol. 25, SPINE. 2000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"},{"key":"1900_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sousa VD, Rojjanasrirat W. Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: A clear and user-friendly guideline. Vol. 17, Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 2011. pp. 268\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x"},{"key":"1900_CR25","unstructured":"Survey Monkey Inc. San Mateo [Internet]. [Internet]. California. USA.; [cited 2021 Oct 15]. Available from: www.surveymonkey.com."},{"key":"1900_CR26","unstructured":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. (IBM Cork, USA) ."},{"key":"1900_CR27","unstructured":"The jamovi project. [Computer Software] [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 15]. www.jamovi.org."},{"key":"1900_CR28","unstructured":"Grove S, Sutherland S, Gray J. The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis and Generation of Evidence. 8th ed. Gray JR, GSK, SS, editor. Missouri: Elsiever; 2000. ISBN: 978-0-323-37758-4."},{"key":"1900_CR29","unstructured":"Almeida S. Estat\u00edstica Aplicada \u00e0 Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade-Um Guia com o SPSS. Lusodidacta, editor. Loures: Lusodidacta; 2017. ISBN 978-989-8075-77-2."},{"key":"1900_CR30","unstructured":"Mar\u00f4co J. An\u00e1lise Estat\u00edstica com o SPSS Statistics. 8a. P\u00earo Pinheiro: ReportNumber; 2021. ISBN: 9789899677374."},{"key":"1900_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maccallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Psychological Methods Power Analysis and Determination of Sample Size for Covariance structure modeling. Vol. I. Psychological Association, Inc; 1996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130.","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130"},{"key":"1900_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McConnell S, Kolopack P, Davis AM. The Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC): a review of its utility and measurement properties. Arthritis Care and Research. Volume 45. John Wiley and Sons Inc.; 2001. pp. 453\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1529-0131(200110)45:5%3C453::aid-art365%3E3.0.co;2-w.","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200110)45:5%3C453::aid-art365%3E3.0.co;2-w"},{"issue":"1","key":"1900_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.12691\/ajams-9-1-2","volume":"9","author":"N Shrestha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shrestha N. Factor Analysis as a Tool for Survey Analysis. Am J Appl Math Stat. 2021;9(1):4\u201311. https:\/\/pubs.sciepub.com\/ajams\/9\/1\/2.","journal-title":"Am J Appl Math Stat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1900_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of selecting and reporting Intraclass correlation coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012.","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"1900_CR35","unstructured":"Bodenheimer T, Lorig K, Holman H, Grumbach K. Patient Self-management of Chronic Disease in Primary Care [Internet]. Innovations in primary care. www.jama.com."},{"key":"1900_CR36","unstructured":"Silva D de., Health Foundation (Great Britain). Evidence : helping people help themselves : a review of the evidence considering whether it is worthwhile to support self-management. Health Foundation. 2011;39(p):Available from https:\/\/www.health.org.uk\/publications\/evidence-helping-people-help-themselves."},{"issue":"4","key":"1900_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2018.01.005","volume":"32","author":"A Schmitt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmitt A, Reimer A, Kulzer B, Icks A, Paust R, Roelver KM, et al. Measurement of psychological adjustment to diabetes with the diabetes acceptance scale. J Diabetes Complications. 2018;32(4):384\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2018.01.005.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"1900_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00e1rkus B, Hargittay C, Iller B, Rinfel J, Bencsik P, Ol\u00e1h I, et al. Validation of the revised diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ-R) in the primary care setting. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-021-01615-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-021-01615-5"},{"key":"1900_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000520319","author":"A Schmitt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schmitt A, Kulzer B, Reimer A, Herder C, Roden M, Haak T, et al. Evaluation of a stepped Care Approach to Manage Depression and Diabetes Distress in patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes: results of a Randomized Controlled Trial (ECCE HOMO Study). Psychother Psychosom. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000520319.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"1900_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vincze A, Losonczi A, Stauder A. The validity of the diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ) in Hungarian patients with type 2 diabetes. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-020-01595-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01595-7"},{"key":"1900_CR41","unstructured":"Eurobarometer. Sport and physical activity Special Eurobarometer 525 2. Frequency of engaging in physical activity outside sport [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Sep 17]. https:\/\/europa.eu\/eurobarometer\/surveys\/detail\/2668."}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01900-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01900-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01900-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T12:08:59Z","timestamp":1721736539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01900-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01900-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is part of a larger study on self-care and literacy in people with T2DM, which the ARSLVT Health Ethics Committee approved under registration number 5078\/CES\/2022. This study respects ethical principles throughout the research. All participants were invited to participate and were informed about their participation through an informed consent form. Before starting the cross-cultural validation and psychometric evaluation of the DSMQ-R, authorization was requested from the Mapi Research Trust.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"405"}}