{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T16:06:13Z","timestamp":1774022773995,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Adhes Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Natural fibre-reinforced composites have attracted a great deal of attention by the automotive industry mainly due to their sustainable characteristics and low cost. The use of sustainable composites is expected to continuously increase in this area as the cost and weight of vehicles could be partially reduced by replacing glass fibre composites and aluminium with natural fibre composites. Adhesive bonding is the preferred joining method for composites and is increasingly used in the automotive industry. However, the literature on natural fibre reinforced polymer composite adhesive joints is scarce and needs further investigation. The main objective of this study was to investigate experimentally adhesively bonded joints made of natural, synthetic and interlaminar hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer composites. The effect of the number of the interlaminar synthetic layers required in order to match the bonded joint efficiency of a fully synthetic GFRP bonded joint was studied. It was found that the failure load of the hybrid jute\/glass adherend joints increased by increasing the number of external synthetic layers (i.e. the failure load of hybrid 3-layer joint increased by 28.6% compared to hybrid 2-layer joint) and reached the pure synthetic adherends joints efficiency due to the optimum compromise between the adherend material property (i.e. stiffness and strength) and a diminished bondline peel stress state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40563-020-00131-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T16:09:27Z","timestamp":1609776567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Adhesively bonded joints of jute, glass and hybrid jute\/glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites for automotive industry"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"H. F. M.","family":"de Queiroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8378-2292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. D.","family":"Banea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. K. K.","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1243\/14644207JMDA219","volume":"223","author":"M Banea","year":"2009","unstructured":"Banea M, da Silva LF. Adhesively bonded joints in composite materials: an overview. Proc IMechE. 2009;223(1):1\u201318.","journal-title":"Proc IMechE"},{"key":"131_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2016.10.010","volume":"72","author":"S Budhe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Budhe S, Banea M, De Barros S, Da Silva L. An updated review of adhesively bonded joints in composite materials. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2017;72:30\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Adhes Adhes"},{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40563-018-0104-5","volume":"6","author":"S Budhe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Budhe S, Banea MD, de Barros S. Bonded repair of composite structures in aerospace application: a review on environmental issues. Appl Adhes Sci. 2018;6(1):3.","journal-title":"Appl Adhes Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"131_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs.2019.180","volume":"44","author":"MD Banea","year":"2019","unstructured":"Banea MD. Influence of adherend properties on the strength of adhesively bonded joints. MRS Bull. 2019;44(8):625\u20139.","journal-title":"MRS Bull"},{"key":"131_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2018.06.009","volume":"151","author":"MD Banea","year":"2018","unstructured":"Banea MD, Rosioara M, Carbas RJC, da Silva LFM. Multi-material adhesive joints for automotive industry. Compos B Eng. 2018;151:71\u20137.","journal-title":"Compos B Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"131_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/01694243.2016.1229842","volume":"31","author":"MD Banea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Banea MD, da Silva LFM, Carbas R, Campilho RDSG. Effect of material on the mechanical behaviour of adhesive joints for the automotive industry. J Adhes Sci Technol. 2017;31(6):663\u201376.","journal-title":"J Adhes Sci Technol"},{"key":"131_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2015.08.038","volume":"83","author":"KL Pickering","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pickering KL, Efendy MGA, Le TM. A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf. 2016;83:98\u2013112.","journal-title":"Compos A Appl Sci Manuf"},{"issue":"6","key":"131_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s40430-019-1766-z","volume":"41","author":"S Budhe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Budhe S, de Barros S, Banea M. Theoretical assessment of the elastic modulus of natural fiber-based intra-ply hybrid composites. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng. 2019;41(6):263.","journal-title":"J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"131_CR9","first-page":"43","volume":"7","author":"K Rohit","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rohit K, Dixit S. A review-future aspect of natural fiber reinforced composite. Polym Renew Res. 2016;7(2):43\u201359.","journal-title":"Polym Renew Res"},{"key":"131_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40430-020-02525-w","author":"AL Pereira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pereira AL, Banea MD, Pereira AB. Effect of intralaminar hybridization on mode I fracture toughness of natural fiber-reinforced composites. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40430-020-02525-w.","journal-title":"J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/pc.25371","volume":"41","author":"R de Araujo Alves Lima","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Araujo Alves Lima R, Kawasaki Cavalcanti D, de Souza e Silva Neto J, da Meneses Costa H, Banea MD. Effect of surface treatments on interfacial properties of natural intralaminar hybrid composites. Polym Compos. 2020;41(1):314\u201325.","journal-title":"Polym Compos"},{"issue":"4","key":"131_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12040866","volume":"12","author":"AL Pereira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pereira AL, Banea MD, Neto JS, Cavalcanti DK. Mechanical and thermal characterization of natural intralaminar hybrid composites based on sisal. Polymers. 2020;12(4):866.","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"131_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.107149","volume":"175","author":"D Cavalcanti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cavalcanti D, Banea M, Neto J, Lima R, da Silva L, Carbas R. Mechanical characterization of intralaminar natural fibre-reinforced hybrid composites. Compos B Eng. 2019;175:107149.","journal-title":"Compos B Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.04.043","volume":"86","author":"M Jawaid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jawaid M, Abdul Khalil HPS. Cellulosic\/synthetic fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites: a review. Carbohyd Polym. 2011;86(1):1\u201318.","journal-title":"Carbohyd Polym"},{"issue":"4","key":"131_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2011.01.010","volume":"42","author":"H Ku","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ku H, Wang H, Pattarachaiyakoop N, Trada M. A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Compos B Eng. 2011;42(4):856\u201373.","journal-title":"Compos B Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"131_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s40430-020-02517-w","volume":"42","author":"AK Sinha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sinha AK, Narang HK, Bhattacharya S. Mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites: a review. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng. 2020;42(8):431.","journal-title":"J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"131_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4015","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00552393","volume":"20","author":"P Roe","year":"1985","unstructured":"Roe P, Ansell MP. Jute-reinforced polyester composites. J Mater Sci. 1985;20(11):4015\u201320.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"131_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47154","DOI":"10.1002\/app.47154","volume":"136","author":"JSS Neto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neto JSS, Lima RAA, Cavalcanti DKK, Souza JPB, Aguiar RAA, Banea MD. Effect of chemical treatment on the thermal properties of hybrid natural fiber-reinforced composites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2019;136(10):47154.","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"131_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2013.01.025","volume":"50","author":"RDSG Campilho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Campilho RDSG, Moura DC, Gon\u00e7alves DJS, da Silva JFMG, Banea MD, da Silva LFM. Fracture toughness determination of adhesive and co-cured joints in natural fibre composites. Compos B Eng. 2013;50:120\u20136.","journal-title":"Compos B Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"131_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1177\/0021998319876979","volume":"54","author":"HFM de Queiroz","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Queiroz HFM, Banea MD, Cavalcanti DKK. Experimental analysis of adhesively bonded joints in synthetic- and natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites. J Compos Mater. 2020;54(9):1245\u201355.","journal-title":"J Compos Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"131_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2009.11.017","volume":"70","author":"C Gonzalez-Murillo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Murillo C, Ansell MP. Co-cured in-line joints for natural fibre composites. Compos Sci Technol. 2010;70(3):442\u20139.","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol"},{"key":"131_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15440478.2020.1798843","author":"KG Melese","year":"2020","unstructured":"Melese KG, Singh I. Joining behavior of jute\/sisal fibers based epoxy laminates using different joint configurations. J Nat Fibers. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15440478.2020.1798843.","journal-title":"J Nat Fibers"},{"key":"131_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2015-01-0729","author":"A Mittal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mittal A, Deb A, Chou C. A study into the mechanical behavior of adhesively-bonded jute fiber-reinforced composite. SAE Int J Mater Manf. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2015-01-0729.","journal-title":"SAE Int J Mater Manf"},{"issue":"8","key":"131_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085102","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/ab21f9","volume":"6","author":"NH Mostafa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mostafa NH. Tensile and fatigue properties of Jute-Glass hybrid fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Mater Res Express. 2019;6(8):085102.","journal-title":"Mater Res Express"},{"key":"131_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2012.12.004","volume":"48","author":"M Ramesh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramesh M, Palanikumar K, Reddy KH. Mechanical property evaluation of sisal\u2013jute\u2013glass fiber reinforced polyester composites. Compos B Eng. 2013;48:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Compos B Eng"},{"key":"131_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.353-358.1960","volume":"353\u2013358","author":"HC Yoon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yoon HC, Wang RL, Jeon YB, Choi JY, Lee SY, Thai PQ, et al. Effects of adhesive joint on the failure strength properties of natural fiber reinforced composite. Key Eng Mater. 2007;353\u2013358:1960\u20134.","journal-title":"Key Eng Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2004.04.011","volume":"36","author":"JM Ferreira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ferreira JM, Silva H, Costa JD, Richardson A. Stress analysis of lap joints involving natural fibre reinforced interface layers. Compos Part B-Eng. 2005;36(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Compos Part B-Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"131_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s40430-019-1844-2","volume":"41","author":"M dos Reis","year":"2019","unstructured":"dos Reis M, Banea M, da Silva L, Carbas R. Mechanical characterization of a modern epoxy adhesive for automotive industry. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng. 2019;41(8):340.","journal-title":"J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"131_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1080\/00218464.2018.1456338","volume":"95","author":"J Bonaldo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonaldo J, Banea M, Carbas R, Da Silva L, De Barros S. Functionally graded adhesive joints by using thermally expandable particles. J Adhes. 2019;95(11):995\u20131014.","journal-title":"J Adhes"},{"issue":"30","key":"131_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4831","DOI":"10.1177\/0021998320939232","volume":"54","author":"JSS Neto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neto JSS, Banea MD, Cavalcanti DKK, Queiroz HFM, Aguiar RAA. Analysis of mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy multiwalled carbon nanocomposites. J Compos Mater. 2020;54(30):4831\u201340.","journal-title":"J Compos Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"131_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1108\/01445151211244456","volume":"32","author":"MD Banea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Banea MD, da Silva LF, Campilho RD. Moulds design for adhesive bulk and joint specimens manufacturing. Assem Autom. 2012;32(3):284\u201392.","journal-title":"Assem Autom"},{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40563-015-0050-4","volume":"3","author":"S Budhe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Budhe S, Ghumatkar A, Birajdar N, Banea MD. Effect of surface roughness using different adherend materials on the adhesive bond strength. Appl Adhes Sci. 2015;3(1):20.","journal-title":"Appl Adhes Sci"},{"key":"131_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ASTM International. Standard practice for classifying failure modes in fiber-reinforced-plastic (FRP) joints. West Conshohocken: ASTM International; 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1520\/D5573-99R19","DOI":"10.1520\/D5573-99R19"},{"key":"131_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2018.09.060","volume":"158","author":"JM Sousa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sousa JM, Correia JR, Gonilha J, Cabral-Fonseca S, Firmo JP, Keller T. Durability of adhesively bonded joints between pultruded GFRP adherends under hygrothermal and natural ageing. Compos B Eng. 2019;158:475\u201388.","journal-title":"Compos B Eng"},{"key":"131_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2018.08.001","volume":"86","author":"RA Hunter-Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hunter-Alarc\u00f3n RA, Viz\u00e1n A, Per\u00e9z J, Leyrer J, Hidalgo P, Pavez B, et al. Effect of the natural aging process on the shear strength of FRP composite single lap joints. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2018;86:4\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Adhes Adhes"},{"issue":"13","key":"131_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2012.02.022","volume":"49","author":"BRK Blackman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blackman BRK, Kinloch AJ, Rodriguez-Sanchez FS, Teo WS. The fracture behaviour of adhesively-bonded composite joints: Effects of rate of test and mode of loading. Int J Solids Struct. 2012;49(13):1434\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Solids Struct"},{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2008.06.038","volume":"207","author":"KS Ahmed","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ahmed KS, Vijayarangan S. Tensile, flexural and interlaminar shear properties of woven jute and jute-glass fabric reinforced polyester composites. J Mater Process Technol. 2008;207(1):330\u20135.","journal-title":"J Mater Process Technol"}],"container-title":["Applied Adhesion Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40563-020-00131-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40563-020-00131-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40563-020-00131-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T17:55:44Z","timestamp":1618768544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/appliedadhesionscience.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40563-020-00131-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40563-020-00131-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-4351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-4351","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2"}}