{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:34:12Z","timestamp":1772692452738,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the evidence on the role of gravity stress test to access the instability of other ankle injuries, there is limited literature regarding gravity stress on the lateral ankle ligament\u2019s insufficiency. The objective of our study was to objectively measure the tibiotalar angular movement under gravity stress after progressive sectioning of the lateral ankle ligaments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed sequential sectioning of the anterior talofibular (ATFL), calcaneofibular (CFL), and posterior talofibular ligaments (PTFL) in twelve ankle specimens. Under gravity stress, we measured the angular movement of the talus in relation to the tibia. The measuring device is based on a three\u2010axis gyroscope and accelerometer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparing to the intact condition, the plantar flexion increased on average 1.78\u00b0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15;2.42), 5.13\u00b0 (95%CI 3.10;7.16) and 8.63\u00b0 (95%CI 6.05;11.22), the rotation increased by 1.00\u00b0 (95 CI \u20100.51;2.51), 3.68\u00b0 (95%CI 1.97;5.40) and 15.62\u00b0 (95%CI 10.09;21.14), and the varus increased 2.89\u00b0 (95% CI 1.39, 4.39), 8.12\u00b0 (95% CI 5.16, 11.07) and 11.68\u00b0 (95% CI 7.91, 15.46), after sectioning the ATFL, CFL, and PTFL, respectively. The overall changes were statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant tibiotalar laxity after sectioning of lateral ankle ligaments when the foot position is influenced only by gravity. The tibiotalar angular displacement was significant when the CFL and PTFL were cut which suggests that the gravity test could be used to assess combined lateral ankle ligament injury. This evidence might be a step forward in the development of lateral ankle ligaments gravity stress tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>5 (cadaver study)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-020-00269-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T11:04:21Z","timestamp":1595329461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gravity stress tibiotalar laxity evaluation with a biomedical gyroscopes device \u2013 cadaver study with progressive sectioning of lateral ankle ligaments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6186-0229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Guerra\u2010Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Hospital Ortop\u00e9dico de Sant\u2019Ana R. Benguela 501 2775\u2010229 Parede Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Hospital da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School Lisbon NOVA University Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Lisbon University Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Lisbon University Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"T. M.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica do Drag\u00e3o Espregueira\u2010Mendes Sports Centre \u2013 FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto Portugal. Dom Henrique Research Centre Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sports University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"X. M.","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Clinica Del Remei Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}]},{"given":"J. G.","family":"Consci\u00eancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA Medical School Lisbon NOVA University Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Head of Orthopaedics Departement at CHLO \u2010 S. F. Xavier Hospital Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"P. R.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Lisbon University Lisbon Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","unstructured":"BiC KongD LinJ WangQ WuK HuangJ(2019) Diagnostic value of intraoperative tap test for acute deltoid ligament injury.Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068\u2010019\u201001243\u2010w."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","unstructured":"CohenJ CohenP WestSG AikenLS(2013) Applied multiple regression\/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences.Mahwah: Routledge.https:\/\/books.google.pt\/books?hl=pt\u2010PT&lr=&id=gkalyqTMXNEC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Cohen+J +Cohen+P +West+SG 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