{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T11:25:58Z","timestamp":1771413958593,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMS"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reciprocal migration\u2014which we define as the mutual exchange of origin and destination by two different migrating groups\u2014is hardly acknowledged in the migration literature. In terms of the temporalities of migration, which are usually seen as sequences or transitions, reciprocal migrations are simultaneous. We analyse the reciprocal migrations between Angola and Portugal over the time-frame of the past 10\u201315\u00a0years. In-depth interviews were carried out with Portuguese migrants in Angola, most of whom moved there in the wake of the post-2008 financial crisis, and with Angolan third-level students and recent graduates in Portugal. A key operational concept in our analysis is the plastic notion of skill and its differential racialisation. Portuguese migrants in Angola are automatically regarded as \u2018skilled\u2019 even when they are not, whereas Angolan students and graduates in Portugal, when they seek work, are often viewed as \u2018unskilled African migrant workers\u2019. We thus distinguish and deconstruct the geographical binary between transnational origin and destination spaces and the social binary between \u2018skilled white bodies\u2019 and \u2018unskilled black bodies\u2019. These racialised embodied tropes draw on histories of Portuguese colonisation and the contested notion of \u2018Lusotropicalism\u2019, as well as the so-called Lusophone migration system involving complex transnational relations and two-way migration flows. Theoretically we frame this asymmetrical system of reciprocal migration within a modified version of core\u2013periphery relations, as well as the coloniality of power and its enduring influence over the racialisation of skill, education, culture and language across the Portuguese\u2013Angolan transnational space.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40878-022-00317-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T16:05:19Z","timestamp":1666281919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reciprocal migration: the coloniality of recent two-way migration links between Angola and Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Asaf","family":"Augusto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Russell","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Malheiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"317_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/1070289X.2016.1244062","volume":"25","author":"L Abadia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abadia, L., Cabecinhas, R., Macedo, I., & Cunha, L. (2018). Interwoven migration narratives: Identity and social representations in the Lusophone world. Identities, 25(3), 339\u2013357.","journal-title":"Identities"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"317_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4000\/etudesafricaines.18981","volume":"56","author":"L \u00c5kesson","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u00c5kesson, L. (2016). Moving beyond the colonial? New Portuguese migrants in Angola. Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, 56(1\u20132), 267\u2013285.","journal-title":"Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines"},{"key":"317_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73052-3","volume-title":"Postcolonial Portuguese migration to Angola: Migrants or masters?","author":"L \u00c5kesson","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u00c5kesson, L. (2018). Postcolonial Portuguese migration to Angola: Migrants or masters? Palgrave Pivot."},{"issue":"5","key":"317_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1080\/01436597.2020.1768063","volume":"42","author":"L \u00c5kesson","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c5kesson, L. (2021). European migration to Africa and the coloniality of knowledge: The Portuguese in Maputo. Third World Quarterly, 42(5), 922\u2013938.","journal-title":"Third World Quarterly"},{"key":"317_CR22","unstructured":"Alves, E.  da P. (2021). Angolan and Cape Verdean students in Portuguese higher education: Motivations and socio-spatial trajectories. University of Lisbon: Ph.D. thesis in Human Geography, speciality Migration."},{"key":"317_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4324\/9780367854171-14","volume-title":"Reimagining the higher education student: Constructing and contesting identities","author":"E Alves","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alves, E., & King, R. (2021). Between international student and immigrant: A critical perspective on Angolan and Cape Verdean students in Portugal. In R. Brooks & S. O\u2019Shea (Eds.), Reimagining the higher education student: Constructing and contesting identities (pp. 223\u2013239). Routledge."},{"key":"317_CR6","unstructured":"Anderson, W., Roque, R., & Ventura Santo, R. (Eds.) (2020). Luso-tropicalism and its discontents: The making and unmaking of racial exceptionalism. Berghahn."},{"issue":"1","key":"317_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/geoj.12189","volume":"183","author":"MJ Andrucki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andrucki, M. J. (2017). Wish you were here: Bodies, diaspora strategy and the politics of propinquity in post-apartheid South Africa. Geographical Journal, 183(1), 47\u201357.","journal-title":"Geographical Journal"},{"issue":"208","key":"317_CR8","first-page":"660","volume":"48","author":"M Ant\u00f3nio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ant\u00f3nio, M. (2013). Os estudantes angolanos do ensino superior em Lisboa: Uma perspetiva antropol\u00f3gica sobre as suas motiva\u00e7\u00f5es e bem-estar subjectivo. Analise Social, 48(208), 660\u2013682.","journal-title":"Analise Social"},{"issue":"8","key":"317_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1080\/13691831003687683","volume":"36","author":"H Armbruster","year":"2010","unstructured":"Armbruster, H. (2010). Realising the self and developing the African: German immigrants in Namibia. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(8), 1229\u20131246.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies"},{"key":"317_CR10","volume-title":"Semiperipheral development: The politics of Southern Europe in the twentieth century","author":"G Arrighi","year":"1985","unstructured":"Arrighi, G. (1985). Semiperipheral development: The politics of Southern Europe in the twentieth century. Sage."},{"key":"317_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748920663","volume-title":"North to south migration: Portuguese labour migration to Angola","author":"A Augusto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Augusto, A. (2021). North to south migration: Portuguese labour migration to Angola. Nomos."},{"issue":"1","key":"317_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/geoj.12334","volume":"186","author":"A Augusto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Augusto, A., & King, R. (2020). \u2018Skilled white bodies\u2019: Portuguese workers in Angola as a case of North-South migration. Geographical Journal, 186(1), 116\u2013127.","journal-title":"Geographical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"317_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2435.2009.00522.x","volume":"47","author":"MI Baganha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baganha, M. I. (2009). The Lusophone migration system: Patterns and trends. International Migration, 47(3), 5\u201320.","journal-title":"International Migration"},{"key":"317_CR14","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Internationalisation of higher education and global mobility","author":"AM Barrett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barrett, A. M., Crossley, M., & Titanji, P. F. (2014). North-South research partnership in higher education: Perspectives from South and North. In B. Streitwieser (Ed.), Internationalisation of higher education and global mobility (pp. 59\u201371). Symposium Books."},{"key":"317_CR15","unstructured":"Bender, G. (2004). Angola under the Portuguese: Myth and reality. Africa World Press."},{"key":"317_CR16","volume-title":"Rethinking racial capitalism: Questions of reproduction and survival","author":"G Bhattacharyya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya, G. (2018). Rethinking racial capitalism: Questions of reproduction and survival. Rowman and Littlefield."},{"issue":"2","key":"317_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5195\/jwsr.2017.729","volume":"23","author":"M Boatc\u0103","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boatc\u0103, M. (2017). The centrality of race to inequality in the world-system. Journal of World-Systems Research, 23(2), 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Journal of World-Systems Research"},{"key":"317_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1017\/hia.2013.1","volume":"40","author":"M Cahen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cahen, M. (2013). Is \u2018Portuguese-speaking\u2019 Africa comparable to \u2018Latin America\u2019? Voyaging in the midst of colonialities of power. History of Africa, 40, 5\u201344.","journal-title":"History of Africa"},{"key":"317_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15134-8_11","volume-title":"New and old routes of Portuguese emigration: Uncertain futures at the periphery of Europe","author":"P Candeias","year":"2019","unstructured":"Candeias, P., Malheiros, J., Marques, J. C., & Liberato, E. (2019). Portuguese emigration to Angola (2000\u20132015): Strengthening a specific postcolonial relationship in a new global framework? In C. Pereira & J. Azevedo (Eds.), New and old routes of Portuguese emigration: Uncertain futures at the periphery of Europe (pp. 209\u2013235). SpringerOpen."},{"key":"317_CR20","unstructured":"Carling, J. (2010). Migration corridors: Conceptual and methodological issues. Peace Research Institute Oslo, THEMIS project paper."},{"key":"317_CR21","unstructured":"Castelo, C. (1998). O modo Portugu\u00eas de estar no mundo: O luso-tropicalismo e a ideologia colonial Portuguesa. Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Afrontamento."},{"key":"317_CR23","volume-title":"Racismo o Machado Afiado em Angola","author":"D Da Cruz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Da Cruz, D. (2019). Racismo o machado afiado em Angola. Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Rui Costa Pinto."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"317_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4000\/etudesafricaines.18891","volume":"56","author":"I Dos Santos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dos Santos, I. (2016). L\u2019Angola: Un Eldorado pour la jeunesse portugaise? Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, 56(1\u20132), 29\u201352.","journal-title":"Cahiers D\u2019\u00e9tudes Africaines"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"317_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/09502380601162506","volume":"21","author":"A Escobar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Escobar, A. (2007). Worlds and knowledges otherwise. Cultural Studies, 21(2\u20133), 179\u2013210.","journal-title":"Cultural Studies"},{"key":"317_CR26","volume-title":"Black skin, white masks","author":"F Fanon","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fanon, F. (1986). Black skin, white masks. Pluto Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"317_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/14767724.2018.1457431","volume":"16","author":"T Fran\u00e7a","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a, T., Alves, E., & Padilla, B. (2018). Portuguese policies fostering international student mobility: A colonial legacy or a new strategy? Globalisation, Societies and Education, 16(3), 325\u2013338.","journal-title":"Globalisation, Societies and Education"},{"key":"317_CR28","volume-title":"The masters and the slaves: A study in the development of Brazilian civilisation","author":"G Freyre","year":"1946","unstructured":"Freyre, G. (1946). The masters and the slaves: A study in the development of Brazilian civilisation. Alfred Knopf."},{"key":"317_CR29","unstructured":"Freyre, G. (1961). The Portuguese and the tropics. International Congress of the History of Discoveries."},{"issue":"3","key":"317_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2435.2009.00523.x","volume":"47","author":"P G\u00f3is","year":"2009","unstructured":"G\u00f3is, P., & Marques, J. C. (2009). Portugal as a semi-peripheral country in the global migration system. International Migration, 47(3), 21\u201350.","journal-title":"International Migration"},{"issue":"4","key":"317_CR31","first-page":"31","volume":"6","author":"CJMR Gullick","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gullick, C. J. M. R. (1977). Reciprocal migration: A Mediterranean example. Journal of the Faculty of Arts, University of Malta, 6(4), 31\u201341.","journal-title":"Journal of the Faculty of Arts, University of Malta"},{"issue":"1","key":"317_CR32","first-page":"116","volume":"5","author":"M Hayes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hayes, M., & P\u00e9rez-Ga\u00f1\u00e1n, R. (2017). North-South migrations and the asymmetric expulsions of late capitalism: Global inequality, arbitrage, and new dynamics of North-South transnationalism. Migration Studies, 5(1), 116\u2013135.","journal-title":"Migration Studies"},{"key":"317_CR33","volume-title":"The civilizing mission of Portuguese colonialism, 1870\u20131930","author":"M Jer\u00f3nimo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jer\u00f3nimo, M. (2015). The civilizing mission of Portuguese colonialism, 1870\u20131930. Palgrave Macmillan."},{"key":"317_CR34","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Southern Europe? Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece from the 1950s to the present day","author":"R King","year":"2015","unstructured":"King, R. (2015). Migration and Southern Europe \u2013 A center\u2013periphery dynamic? In M. Baumeister & R. Sala (Eds.), Southern Europe? Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece from the 1950s to the present day (pp. 139\u2013169). Campus Verlag."},{"key":"317_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4000\/cea.547","volume":"23","author":"E Liberato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liberato, E. (2012). A forma\u00e7\u00e3o de quadros angolanos no exterior: Estudantes angolanos em Portugal e no Brasil. Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, 23, 109\u2013130.","journal-title":"Cadernos De Estudos Africanos"},{"issue":"6","key":"317_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1177\/0309132514526442","volume":"39","author":"C Madge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Madge, C., Raghuram, P., & Noxolo, P. (2015). Conceptualising international education: From international student to international study. Progress in Human Geography, 39(6), 681\u2013701.","journal-title":"Progress in Human Geography"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"317_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1080\/09502380601162548","volume":"21","author":"N Maldonado-Torres","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maldonado-Torres, N. (2007). On the coloniality of being: Contributions to the development of a concept. Cultural Studies, 21(2\u20133), 240\u2013270.","journal-title":"Cultural Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"317_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/13608740308539552","volume":"3","author":"JM Malheiros","year":"1998","unstructured":"Malheiros, J. M. (1998). Immigration, clandestine work and labour market strategies: The construction sector in the Metropolitan Region of Lisbon. South European Society and Politics, 3(3), 169\u2013185.","journal-title":"South European Society and Politics"},{"key":"317_CR39","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o e Migra\u00e7\u00f5es","author":"JM Malheiros","year":"2005","unstructured":"Malheiros, J. M. (2005). Jogos de rela\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais: Repensar a posi\u00e7\u00e3o de Portugal no arquip\u00e9lago migrat\u00f3rio global. In A. Barreto (Ed.), Globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o e migra\u00e7\u00f5es (pp. 251\u2013272). Imprensa de Ci\u00eancias Sociais."},{"issue":"5","key":"317_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1177\/0950017019887097","volume":"34","author":"O Maury","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maury, O. (2020). Between a promise and a salary: Student-migrant-workers\u2019 experiences of precarious labour markets. Work, Employment and Society, 34(5), 809\u2013825.","journal-title":"Work, Employment and Society"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"317_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/09502380601162498","volume":"21","author":"WD Mignolo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mignolo, W. D. (2007). Coloniality of power and decolonial thinking. Cultural Studies, 21(2\u20133), 155\u2013167.","journal-title":"Cultural Studies"},{"key":"317_CR42","unstructured":"Mignolo, W. D., & Escobar, A. (Eds.) (2010). Globalization and the decolonial option. Routledge."},{"key":"317_CR43","volume-title":"Migration can fall apart: Life stories from voluntary and deportee return migrants","author":"OA Miller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miller, O. A. (2008). Migration can fall apart: Life stories from voluntary and deportee return migrants. University Press of America."},{"key":"317_CR44","volume-title":"Trabalhadores de origem Africana em Portugal: Impacto das novas vagas de imigra\u00e7\u00e3o","author":"S Pereira","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pereira, S. (2010). Trabalhadores de origem Africana em Portugal: Impacto das novas vagas de imigra\u00e7\u00e3o. Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Colibri."},{"key":"317_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-019-00485-2","volume":"80","author":"J Ploner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ploner, J., & Nada, C. (2020). International student migration and the postcolonial heritage of European higher education: Perspectives from Portugal and the UK. Higher Education, 80, 373\u2013389.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"317_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2113","DOI":"10.1002\/psp.2113","volume":"24","author":"P Pumares","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pumares, P., Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00edn, B., Montanari, A., & Staniscia, B. (2018). Reciprocal youth mobilities between Italy and Spain: A question of elective affinities. Population, Space and Place, 24(1), e2113.","journal-title":"Population, Space and Place"},{"issue":"2","key":"317_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/0268580900015002005","volume":"15","author":"A Quijano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Quijano, A. (2000). Coloniality of power and Eurocentrism in Latin America. International Sociology, 15(2), 215\u2013232.","journal-title":"International Sociology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"317_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/09502380601164353","volume":"21","author":"A Quijano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Quijano, A. (2007). Coloniality and modernity\/rationality. Cultural Studies, 21(2\u20133), 168\u2013178.","journal-title":"Cultural Studies"},{"key":"317_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2019.10.003","volume":"74","author":"WJ Quinton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quinton, W. J. (2020). So close and yet so far? Predictors of international students\u2019 socialization with host nationals. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 74, 7\u201316.","journal-title":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations"},{"key":"317_CR50","volume-title":"Fluxos Matrimoniais Transnacionais entre Brasileiras e Portuguesees: G\u00e9nero e Imigra\u00e7\u00e3o","author":"P Raposo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Raposo, P., & Togni, P. C. (2009). Fluxos matrimoniais transnacionais entre Brasileiras e Portuguesees: G\u00e9nero e imigra\u00e7\u00e3o. ACIDI."},{"issue":"2","key":"317_CR51","first-page":"167","volume":"48","author":"EG Ravenstein","year":"1885","unstructured":"Ravenstein, E. G. (1885). The laws of migration. Journal of the Statistical Society, 48(2), 167\u2013235.","journal-title":"Journal of the Statistical Society"},{"issue":"87","key":"317_CR52","first-page":"869","volume":"21","author":"BSS Santos","year":"1985","unstructured":"Santos, B. S. S. (1985). Estado e sociedade na semiperiferia do sistema mundial. O caso portugu\u00eas. An\u00e1lise Social, 21(87), 869\u2013901.","journal-title":"An\u00e1lise Social"},{"key":"317_CR53","volume-title":"Underdeveloped Europe: Studies in core\u2013periphery relations","year":"1979","unstructured":"Seers, D., Schaffer, B., & Kiljunen, M.-L. (Eds.). (1979). Underdeveloped Europe: Studies in core\u2013periphery relations. Harvester Press."},{"key":"317_CR54","first-page":"53","volume":"44","author":"K Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva, K., & Malheiros, J. (2022). Casamentos mistos e fluxo migrat\u00f3rio de casais luso-brasileiros no Atl\u00e2ntico: Discutindo retornos e (im)perman\u00eancias. Cidades, Communidades e Territ\u00f3rios, 44, 53\u201370.","journal-title":"Cidades, Communidades e Territ\u00f3rios"},{"key":"317_CR55","volume-title":"Magnificent and beggar land: Angola since the civil war","author":"R Soares de Oliveira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soares de Oliveira, R. (2015). Magnificent and beggar land: Angola since the civil war. Hurst."},{"issue":"8","key":"317_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1080\/1369183X.2020.1711567","volume":"46","author":"P Statham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Statham, P., Scuzzarello, S., Sunata, S., & Trupp, A. (2020). Globalising Thailand through gendered \u2018both-ways\u2019 migration pathways with the \u2018West\u2019: Cross-border connections between people, states, and places. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(8), 1513\u20131542.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"317_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.2008.00562.x","volume":"64","author":"J Vala","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vala, J., Lopes, D., & Lima, M. (2008). Black immigrants in Portugal: Luso-tropicalism and prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 64(2), 287\u2013302.","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"key":"317_CR58","volume-title":"The Modern World System","author":"I Wallerstein","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wallerstein, I. (1974). The modern world system. Academic Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"317_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/13613324.2018.1497968","volume":"22","author":"CW Yao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yao, C. W., Mwangi, C. A. G., & Brown, V. K. M. (2019). Exploring the intersection of transnationalism and critical race theory: A critical race analysis of international student experiences in the United States. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 22(1), 38\u201358.","journal-title":"Race, Ethnicity and Education"}],"container-title":["Comparative Migration Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40878-022-00317-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40878-022-00317-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40878-022-00317-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T02:05:30Z","timestamp":1666317930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/comparativemigrationstudies.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40878-022-00317-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40878-022-00317-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-594X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-594X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 October 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"43"}}