{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T03:53:35Z","timestamp":1775879615869,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["fire ecol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prescribed fire is a widely used management tool for fire-adapted ecosystems worldwide, primarily aimed at mitigating the risk of high-severity wildfires by reducing surface fuel loads. However, its implementation in Southern Europe is still scarce due to legal and socioecological constraints. One key barrier is the limited knowledge of its effects on biodiversity, which is particularly relevant in legally protected areas. This study focuses on the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Ger\u00eas-Xur\u00e9s (Portugal and Spain), a representative mountain landscape of northwestern Iberia shaped by rural abandonment and frequent wildfires. Although these landscapes show resilience to low- and moderate-severity fires, the characteristics of an optimal fire regime\u2014one that both supports biodiversity and reduces overall wildfire risk\u2014remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this context, prescribed fire emerges as a promising nature-based solution. To evaluate its potential, we assessed the impacts of twenty planning scenarios that integrate different prescribed fire strategies and fire-smart landscape policies, on 114 vertebrate species. These scenarios are built upon five different storylines, including\n                      <jats:italic>business-as-usual<\/jats:italic>\n                      , agricultural mosaics (\n                      <jats:italic>High Nature Value Farmland<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2014HNVF), forest mosaics (\n                      <jats:italic>Fire-Smart<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), agroforestry mosaics (HNVF\u2009+\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>Fire-Smart<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and prescribed fire (PF), and combinations of these storylines. Habitat availability for endemic species is expected to increase under prescribed fire scenarios (21\u201324%). For threatened species, agricultural and agroforestry scenarios (without prescribed fire) increase habitat availability even more by about 28%. However, combining prescribed fire with agricultural or agroforestry mosaics may result in increases of up to 37\u201342% for these species. For protected species, prescribed fire scenarios may increase habitat availability by 13\u201320%, rising to 25% in scenarios combined with agricultural and agroforestry mosaics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that integrating prescribed fire with agricultural and agroforestry mosaics can promote significant improvements in habitat availability thus backing the view that prescribed fires, especially when combined with sustainable agroforestry practices, can become a suitable biodiversity management tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42408-025-00422-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T13:03:40Z","timestamp":1761224620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The role of fire as a restoration tool for biodiversity and fire regimes in abandoned mountain areas of southern Europe"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Silvana","family":"Pais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Aquilu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Brotons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Honrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Regos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"422_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.297","volume":"621","author":"FJ Alcasena","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alcasena, F. J., A. A. Ager, M. Salis, et al. 2018. Optimizing prescribed fire allocation for managing fire risk in central Catalonia. Science of the Total Environment 621:872\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.297.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"422_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3832\/ifor0803-006","volume":"6","author":"D Ascoli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ascoli, D., and G. Bovio. 2013. Prescribed burning in Italy: Issues, advances and challenges. iForest 6:79\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3832\/ifor0803-006.","journal-title":"iForest"},{"key":"422_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12754-0_14","volume-title":"Landscape Ecology in Forest Management and Conservation","author":"JC Azevedo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Azevedo, J. C., C. Moreira, J. P. Castro, and C. Loureiro. 2011. Agriculture Abandonment, Land-use Change and Fire Hazard in Mountain Landscapes in Northeastern Portugal. In Landscape Ecology in Forest Management and Conservation, 329\u2013351. Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer."},{"key":"422_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2004.05.024","volume":"122","author":"J Bartolom\u00e9","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bartolom\u00e9, J., J. Plaixats, R. Fanlo, and M. Boada. 2005. Conservation of isolated Atlantic heathlands in the Mediterranean region: Effects of land-use changes in the Montseny biosphere reserve (Spain). Biological Conservation 122:81\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2004.05.024.","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"422_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s42408-023-00228-w","volume":"19","author":"M\u00c1 Blanco-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blanco-Rodr\u00edguez, M. \u00c1., A. Ameztegui, P. Gelabert, et al. 2023. Short-term recovery of post-fire vegetation is primarily limited by drought in Mediterranean forest ecosystems. Fire Ecology 19:68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42408-023-00228-w.","journal-title":"Fire Ecology"},{"key":"422_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163886","volume":"324","author":"DMJS Bowman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bowman, D. M. J. S., J. K. Balch, P. Artaxo, et al. 2009. Fire in the Earth system. Science 324:481\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1163886.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"422_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150169","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0169","volume":"371","author":"DMJS Bowman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowman, D. M. J. S., G. L. W. Perry, S. I. Higgins, et al. 2016. Pyrodiversity is the coupling of biodiversity and fire regimes in food webs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences 371:20150169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2015.0169.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"422_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-0085-3","volume":"1","author":"DMJS Bowman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bowman, D. M. J. S., C. A. Kolden, J. T. Abatzoglou, et al. 2020. Vegetation fires in the anthropocene. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 1:500\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43017-020-0085-3.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment"},{"key":"422_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59732","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059732","volume":"8","author":"SM Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown, S. M., K. A. Harrisson, R. H. Clarke, et al. 2013. Limited population structure, genetic drift and bottlenecks characterise an endangered bird species in a dynamic, fire-prone ecosystem. PLoS ONE 8:e59732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0059732.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"422_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burrows N, McCaw L (2013) Prescribed burning in southwestern Australian forests. Front Ecol Environ 11:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/120356","DOI":"10.1890\/120356"},{"key":"422_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142897","volume":"755","author":"J Campos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Campos, J., J. Bernhardt, N. Aquilu\u00e9, et al. 2021. Using fire to enhance rewilding when agricultural policies fail. Science of the Total Environment 755:142897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142897.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"422_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054014","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac64b5","volume":"17","author":"J Campos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Campos, J., S. Rodrigues, \u00c2. Sil, et al. 2022. Climate regulation ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation are enhanced differently by climate- and fire-smart landscape management. Environmental Research Letters 17:054014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac64b5.","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"key":"422_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s42408-019-0048-6","volume":"15","author":"M Castellnou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Castellnou, M., N. Prat-Guitart, E. Arilla, et al. 2019. Empowering strategic decision-making for wildfire management: Avoiding the fear trap and creating a resilient landscape. Fire Ecology 15:31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42408-019-0048-6.","journal-title":"Fire Ecology"},{"key":"422_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1071\/WF11079","volume":"21","author":"MA Cochrane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cochrane, M. A., C. J. Moran, M. C. Wimberly, et al. 2012. Estimation of wildfire size and risk changes due to fuels treatments. International Journal of Wildland Fire 21:357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/WF11079.","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"422_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-006-9074-2","volume":"22","author":"A Coreau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coreau, A., and J.-L. Martin. 2007. Multi-scale study of bird species distribution and of their response to vegetation change: A Mediterranean example. Landscape Ecology 22:747\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-006-9074-2.","journal-title":"Landscape Ecology"},{"key":"422_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170163","volume":"916","author":"A Darvishi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Darvishi, A., M. Yousefi, M. Schirrmann, and F. Ewert. 2024. Exploring biodiversity patterns at the landscape scale by linking landscape energy and land use\/land cover heterogeneity. Science of the Total Environment 916:170163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170163.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"422_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2021.119250","volume":"493","author":"DA Davim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davim, D. A., C. G. Rossa, and P. M. Fernandes. 2021. Survival of prescribed burning treatments to wildfire in Portugal. Forest Ecology and Management 493:119250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2021.119250.","journal-title":"Forest Ecology and Management"},{"key":"422_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.12111","volume":"40","author":"M De C\u00e1ceres","year":"2013","unstructured":"De C\u00e1ceres, M., L. Brotons, N. Aquilu\u00e9, and M.-J. Fortin. 2013. The combined effects of land-use legacies and novel fire regimes on bird distributions in the Mediterranean. Journal of Biogeography 40:1535\u20131547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jbi.12111.","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"422_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2010.11.021","volume":"261","author":"GE Defoss\u00e9","year":"2011","unstructured":"Defoss\u00e9, G. E., G. Loguercio, F. J. Oddi, et al. 2011. Potential CO2 emissions mitigation through forest prescribed burning: A case study in Patagonia, Argentina. Forest Ecology and Management 261:2243\u20132254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2010.11.021.","journal-title":"Forest Ecology and Management"},{"key":"422_CR20","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez J, Arenas M, Tapia L (2005) Gu\u00eda de las Aves del Parque Natural Baixa Limia-Serra do Xur\u00e9s y Lic Baixa Limia. Conseller\u00eda de Medio Ambiente"},{"key":"422_CR21","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez J, Lamosa A, Pardavila X, et al (2012) Atlas de los vertebrados terrestres reproductores en el parque natural Baixa Limia-Serra do Xur\u00e9s y ZEPVN-LIC Baixa Limia. 9788469565445"},{"key":"422_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12687","volume":"96","author":"DA Driscoll","year":"2021","unstructured":"Driscoll, D. A., D. Armenteras, A. F. Bennett, et al. 2021. How fire interacts with habitat loss and fragmentation. Biological Reviews 96:976\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/brv.12687.","journal-title":"Biological Reviews"},{"key":"422_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.348","volume":"677","author":"A Duane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duane, A., N. Aquilu\u00e9, Q. Canelles, et al. 2019. Adapting prescribed burns to future climate change in Mediterranean landscapes. Science of the Total Environment 677:68\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.348.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"422_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-020-00933-5","volume":"77","author":"J Dupuy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dupuy, J., H. Fargeon, N. Martin-StPaul, et al. 2020. Climate change impact on future wildfire danger and activity in southern Europe: A review. Annals of Forest Science 77:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13595-020-00933-5.","journal-title":"Annals of Forest Science"},{"key":"422_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Durigan G, Pilon NAL, Abreu RCR, et al (2020) No Net Loss of Species Diversity After Prescribed Fires in the Brazilian Savanna. Front For Glob Chang 3:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ffgc.2020.00013","DOI":"10.3389\/ffgc.2020.00013"},{"key":"422_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2018.07.029","volume":"226","author":"L Erd\u0151s","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erd\u0151s, L., G. Kr\u00f6el-Dulay, Z. B\u00e1tori, et al. 2018. Habitat heterogeneity as a key to high conservation value in forest-grassland mosaics. Biological Conservation 226:72\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2018.07.029.","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"422_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1071\/WF02042","volume":"12","author":"PM Fernandes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fernandes, P. M., and H. S. Botelho. 2003. A review of prescribed burning effectiveness in fire hazard reduction. International Journal of Wildland Fire 12:117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/WF02042.","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"422_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2010.06.008","volume":"260","author":"PM Fernandes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fernandes, P. M., A. Luz, and C. Loureiro. 2010. Changes in wildfire severity from maritime pine woodland to contiguous forest types in the mountains of northwestern Portugal. Forest Ecology and Management 260:883\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2010.06.008.","journal-title":"Forest Ecology and Management"},{"key":"422_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-015-0933-8","volume":"135","author":"PM Fernandes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fernandes, P. M., A. P. Pacheco, R. Almeida, and J. Claro. 2016. The role of fire-suppression force in limiting the spread of extremely large forest fires in Portugal. European Journal of Forest Research 135:253\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10342-015-0933-8.","journal-title":"European Journal of Forest Research"},{"key":"422_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernandes PM, Davies GM, Ascoli D, et al (2013) Prescribed burning in southern Europe: developing fire management in a dynamic landscape. Front Ecol Environ 11:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/120298","DOI":"10.1890\/120298"},{"key":"422_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892997000088","volume":"24","author":"AH Fielding","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fielding, A. H., and J. F. Bell. 1997. A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence\/absence models. Environmental Conservation 24:38\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0376892997000088.","journal-title":"Environmental Conservation"},{"key":"422_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12657","volume":"53","author":"F Fran\u00e7a","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a, F., J. Louzada, V. Korasaki, et al. 2016. Do space-for-time assessments underestimate the impacts of logging on tropical biodiversity? An Amazonian case study using dung beetles. Journal of Applied Ecology 53:1098\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2664.12657.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"key":"422_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2021.100250","volume":"21","author":"M Francos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Francos, M., and X. \u00dabeda. 2021. Prescribed fire management. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 21:100250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coesh.2021.100250.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health"},{"key":"422_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2008.01.064","volume":"255","author":"CH Greenberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greenberg, C. H., and T. A. Waldrop. 2008. Short-term response of reptiles and amphibians to prescribed fire and mechanical fuel reduction in a southern Appalachian upland hardwood forest. Forest Ecology and Management 255:2883\u20132893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2008.01.064.","journal-title":"Forest Ecology and Management"},{"key":"422_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2024.110479","volume":"291","author":"L Greenwood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Greenwood, L., R. Bliege Bird, C. McGuire, et al. 2024. Indigenous pyrodiversity promotes plant diversity. Biological Conservation 291:110479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2024.110479.","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"422_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-015-9890-9","volume":"18","author":"L Harris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harris, L., and A. H. Taylor. 2015. Topography, fuels, and fire exclusion drive fire severity of the Rim Fire in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest, Yosemite National Park, USA. Ecosystems 18:1192\u20131208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10021-015-9890-9.","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"422_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.2702","author":"RD Haugo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haugo, R. D., B. S. Kellogg, C. A. Cansler, et al. 2019. The missing fire: Quantifying human exclusion of wildfire in Pacific Northwest forests, USA. Ecosphere. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecs2.2702.","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"422_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1071\/WF15228","volume":"25","author":"RL Hutto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hutto, R. L., and D. A. Patterson. 2016. Positive effects of fire on birds may appear only under narrow combinations of fire severity and time-since-fire. International Journal of Wildland Fire 25:1074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/WF15228.","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"422_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2019.2930055","volume":"35","author":"S Jazebi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jazebi, S., F. de Leon, and A. Nelson. 2020. Review of wildfire management techniques\u2014Part I: Causes, prevention, detection, suppression, and data analytics. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 35:430\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPWRD.2019.2930055.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery"},{"key":"422_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.13280","volume":"28","author":"GM Jones","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jones, G. M., and M. W. Tingley. 2022. Pyrodiversity and biodiversity: A history, synthesis, and outlook. Diversity & Distributions 28:386\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddi.13280.","journal-title":"Diversity & Distributions"},{"key":"422_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1139\/X08-003","volume":"38","author":"RE Keane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keane, R. E. 2008. Biophysical controls on surface fuel litterfall and decomposition in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38:1431\u20131445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/X08-003.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research"},{"key":"422_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam7672","volume":"355","author":"LT Kelly","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kelly, L. T., and L. Brotons. 2017. Using fire to promote biodiversity. Science 355:1264\u20131265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aam7672.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"422_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12384","volume":"29","author":"LT Kelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelly, L. T., A. F. Bennett, M. F. Clarke, and M. A. McCarthy. 2015. Optimal fire histories for biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology 29:473\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cobi.12384.","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"422_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb0355","author":"LT Kelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kelly, L. T., K. M. Giljohann, A. Duane, et al. 2020. Fire and biodiversity in the anthropocene. Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abb0355.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"422_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2009.09.003","volume":"27","author":"EF Lambin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lambin, E. F., and P. Meyfroidt. 2010. Land use transitions: Socio-ecological feedback versus socio-economic change. Land Use Policy 27:108\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landusepol.2009.09.003.","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"422_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2016.02.024","volume":"149","author":"T Lasanta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lasanta, T., J. Arn\u00e1ez, N. Pascual, et al. 2017. Space\u2013time process and drivers of land abandonment in Europe. CATENA 149:810\u2013823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.catena.2016.02.024.","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"key":"422_CR47","unstructured":"Martin RE, Sapsis DB (1992) Fires as agents of biodiversity: pyrodiversity promotes biodiversity. Proc Conf Biodivers northwest Calif Ecosyst"},{"key":"422_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13403","volume":"108","author":"KK McLauchlan","year":"2020","unstructured":"McLauchlan, K. K., P. E. Higuera, J. Miesel, et al. 2020. Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers. Journal of Ecology 108:2047\u20132069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2745.13403.","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"422_CR49","unstructured":"Montiel C, Kraus D (2010) Best practices of fire use: prescribed burning and suppression: fire programmes in selected case-study regions in Europe"},{"key":"422_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-007-9125-3","volume":"22","author":"F Moreira","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moreira, F., and D. Russo. 2007. Modelling the impact of agricultural abandonment and wildfires on vertebrate diversity in Mediterranean Europe. Landscape Ecology 22:1461\u20131476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-007-9125-3.","journal-title":"Landscape Ecology"},{"key":"422_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2011.06.028","volume":"92","author":"F Moreira","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moreira, F., O. Viedma, M. Arianoutsou, et al. 2011. Landscape \u2013 wildfire interactions in southern Europe: Implications for landscape management. Journal of Environmental Management 92:2389\u20132402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2011.06.028.","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"422_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"011001","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab541e","volume":"15","author":"F Moreira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moreira, F., D. Ascoli, H. Safford, et al. 2020. Wildfire management in mediterranean-type regions: Paradigm change needed. Environmental Research Letters 15:011001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab541e.","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"key":"422_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1071\/WF01032","volume":"10","author":"P Morgan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morgan, P., C. C. Hardy, T. W. Swetnam, et al. 2001. Mapping fire regimes across time and space: Understanding coarse and fine-scale fire patterns. International Journal of Wildland Fire 10:329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/WF01032.","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"422_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13946","volume":"515","author":"MA Moritz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moritz, M. A., E. Batllori, R. A. Bradstock, et al. 2014. Learning to coexist with wildfire. Nature 515:58\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature13946.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"422_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2023.121564","volume":"553","author":"SJ Mulhall","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mulhall, S. J., J. Di Stefano, A. Dorph, et al. 2024. Do reptile responses to habitat structure and time since fire depend on landscape structure? Forest Ecology and Management 553:121564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2023.121564.","journal-title":"Forest Ecology and Management"},{"key":"422_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3390\/fire6050210","volume":"6","author":"E Oliveira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oliveira, E., and P. M. Fernandes. 2023. Pastoral burning and its contribution to the fire regime of Alto Minho, Portugal. Fire 6:210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fire6050210.","journal-title":"Fire"},{"key":"422_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-021-01115-7","volume":"78","author":"RM Pacheco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pacheco, R. M., and J. Claro. 2021. Prescribed burning as a cost-effective way to address climate change and forest management in Mediterranean countries. Annals of Forest Science 78:100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13595-021-01115-7.","journal-title":"Annals of Forest Science"},{"key":"422_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2020.101143","volume":"44","author":"S Pais","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pais, S., N. Aquilu\u00e9, J. Campos, et al. 2020. Mountain farmland protection and fire-smart management jointly reduce fire hazard and enhance biodiversity and carbon sequestration. Ecosystem Services 44:101143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoser.2020.101143.","journal-title":"Ecosystem Services"},{"key":"422_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2023.105801","volume":"168","author":"S Pais","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pais, S., N. Aquilu\u00e9, L. Brotons, et al. 2023a. The REMAINS R-package: Paving the way for fire-landscape modeling and management. Environmental Modelling & Software 168:105801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2023.105801.","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling & Software"},{"key":"422_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3390\/fire6120457","volume":"6","author":"S Pais","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pais, S., N. Aquilu\u00e9, J. P. Honrado, et al. 2023b. Optimizing Wildfire Prevention through the Integration of Prescribed Burning into \u2018Fire-Smart\u2019 Land-Use Policies. Fire 6:457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fire6120457.","journal-title":"Fire"},{"key":"422_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4996\/fireecology.1103001","volume":"11","author":"VP Papanastasis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papanastasis, V. P. 2015. Introduction to Leonidas G. Liacos\u2019 article. Fire Ecology 11:1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4996\/fireecology.1103001.","journal-title":"Fire Ecology"},{"key":"422_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.05907","volume":"128","author":"JG Pausas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pausas, J. G. 2019. Generalized fire response strategies in plants and animals. Oikos 128:147\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/oik.05907.","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"422_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-011-0060-6","volume":"110","author":"JG Pausas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pausas, J. G., and S. Fern\u00e1ndez-Mu\u00f1oz. 2012. Fire regime changes in the western Mediterranean basin: From fuel-limited to drought-driven fire regime. Climatic Change 110:215\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10584-011-0060-6.","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"422_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10682-018-9927-6","volume":"32","author":"JG Pausas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pausas, J. G., and C. L. Parr. 2018. Towards an understanding of the evolutionary role of fire in animals. Evolutionary Ecology 32:113\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10682-018-9927-6.","journal-title":"Evolutionary Ecology"},{"key":"422_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1071\/WF07151","volume":"17","author":"JG Pausas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pausas, J. G., J. Llovet, A. Rodrigo, and R. Vallejo. 2008. Are wildfires a disaster in the Mediterranean basin? - A review. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17:713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/WF07151.","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"422_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Penman TD, Clarke H, Cirulis B, et al (2020) Cost-Effective Prescribed Burning Solutions Vary Between Landscapes in Eastern Australia. Front For Glob Chang 3:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ffgc.2020.00079","DOI":"10.3389\/ffgc.2020.00079"},{"key":"422_CR67","unstructured":"Pimenta M, Santar\u00e9m ML (1996) Atlas das Aves do Parque Nacional da Peneda-Ger\u00eas"},{"key":"422_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2004.09.001","volume":"183","author":"J Pi\u00f1ol","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1ol, J., K. Beven, and D. X. X. Viegas. 2005. Modelling the effect of fire-exclusion and prescribed fire on wildfire size in Mediterranean ecosystems. Ecological Modelling 183:397\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2004.09.001.","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"key":"422_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10144-003-0155-7","volume":"45","author":"P Pons","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pons, P., P. Henry, G. Gargallo, et al. 2003. Local survival after fire in Mediterranean shrublands: Combining capture-recapture data over several bird species. Population Ecology 45:187\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10144-003-0155-7.","journal-title":"Population Ecology"},{"key":"422_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0449","author":"R Puig-Giron\u00e8s","year":"2025","unstructured":"Puig-Giron\u00e8s, R., M. Palmero-Iniesta, P. M. Fernandes, et al. 2025. The use of fire to preserve biodiversity under novel fire regimes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2023.0449.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"422_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-015-1174-9","volume":"156","author":"A Regos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Regos, A., M. D\u2019Amen, S. Herrando, et al. 2015a. Fire management, climate change and their interacting effects on birds in complex Mediterranean landscapes: Dynamic distribution modelling of an early-successional species\u2014the near-threatened Dartford Warbler (Sylvia undata). Journal F\u00fcr Ornithologie 156:275\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10336-015-1174-9.","journal-title":"Journal F\u00fcr Ornithologie"},{"key":"422_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2014.11.010","volume":"38","author":"A Regos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Regos, A., M. Ninyerola, G. Mor\u00e9, and X. Pons. 2015b. Linking land cover dynamics with driving forces in mountain landscape of the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 38:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jag.2014.11.010.","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation"},{"key":"422_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00818.x","volume":"18","author":"AE Reside","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reside, A. E., J. VanDerWal, A. Kutt, et al. 2012. Fire regime shifts affect bird species distributions. Diversity & Distributions 18:213\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00818.x.","journal-title":"Diversity & Distributions"},{"key":"422_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2012.08.022","volume":"158","author":"J Rost","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rost, J., R. L. Hutto, L. Brotons, and P. Pons. 2013. Comparing the effect of salvage logging on birds in the Mediterranean Basin and the Rocky Mountains: Common patterns, different conservation implications. Biological Conservation 158:7\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2012.08.022.","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"422_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.14214\/sf.548","volume":"36","author":"K Ryan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ryan, K. 2002. Dynamic interactions between forest structure and fire behavior in boreal ecosystems. Silva Fennica 36:13\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14214\/sf.548.","journal-title":"Silva Fennica"},{"key":"422_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-017-1245-y","volume":"18","author":"Y Sanju\u00e1n","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sanju\u00e1n, Y., J. Arn\u00e1ez, S. Beguer\u00eda, et al. 2018. Woody plant encroachment following grazing abandonment in the subalpine belt: A case study in northern Spain. Regional Environmental Change 18:1103\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10113-017-1245-y.","journal-title":"Regional Environmental Change"},{"key":"422_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1795.2007.00146.x","volume":"11","author":"T Santos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Santos, T., J. A. D\u00edaz, J. P\u00e9rez-Tris, et al. 2008. Habitat quality predicts the distribution of a lizard in fragmented woodlands better than habitat fragmentation. Animal Conservation 11:46\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-1795.2007.00146.x.","journal-title":"Animal Conservation"},{"key":"422_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1086\/681561","volume":"56","author":"F Scherjon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scherjon, F., C. Bakels, K. MacDonald, and W. Roebroeks. 2015. Burning the land. Current Anthropology 56:299\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/681561.","journal-title":"Current Anthropology"},{"key":"422_CR79","first-page":"58","volume":"19","author":"F Seijo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seijo, F., and R. Gray. 2012. Pre-industrial anthropogenic fire regimes in transition: The case of Spain and its implications for fire governance in Mediterranean type biomes. Human Ecology Review 19:58\u201369.","journal-title":"Human Ecology Review"},{"key":"422_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2007.10.015","volume":"141","author":"C Sirami","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sirami, C., L. Brotons, I. Burfield, et al. 2008. Is land abandonment having an impact on biodiversity? A meta-analytical approach to bird distribution changes in the north-western Mediterranean. Biological Conservation 141:450\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2007.10.015.","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"422_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12757","volume":"23","author":"AL Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith, A. L., C. M. Bull, M. G. Gardner, and D. A. Driscoll. 2014. Life history influences how fire affects genetic diversity in two lizard species. Molecular Ecology 23:2428\u20132441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.12757.","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"422_CR82","unstructured":"Soares C, \u00c1lvares F, Loureiro A, et al (2005) Atlas of the amphibians and reptiles of Peneda-Ger\u00eas National Park, Portugal"},{"key":"422_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1890\/090157","volume":"9","author":"ME Swanson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Swanson, M. E., J. F. Franklin, R. L. Beschta, et al. 2011. The forgotten stage of forest succession: Early-successional ecosystems on forest sites. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 9:117\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/090157.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"key":"422_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00842.x","volume":"18","author":"RS Taylor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taylor, R. S., S. J. Watson, D. G. Nimmo, et al. 2012. Landscape-scale effects of fire on bird assemblages: Does pyrodiversity beget biodiversity? Diversity and Distributions 18:519\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2011.00842.x.","journal-title":"Diversity and Distributions"},{"key":"422_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2008.05742.x","volume":"32","author":"W Thuiller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thuiller, W., B. Lafourcade, R. Engler, and M. B. Ara\u00fajo. 2009. BIOMOD - A platform for ensemble forecasting of species distributions. Ecography (Cop) 32:369\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2008.05742.x.","journal-title":"Ecography (Cop)"},{"key":"422_CR86","unstructured":"Thuiller W, Georges D, Robin E, et al (2020) Package \u201cbiomod2\u201d Type Package Title Ensemble Platform for Species Distribution Modeling"},{"key":"422_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06358-z","volume":"9","author":"M Turco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Turco, M., J. J. Rosa-C\u00e1novas, J. Bedia, et al. 2018. Exacerbated fires in Mediterranean Europe due to anthropogenic warming projected with non-stationary climate-fire models. Nature Communications 9:3821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-06358-z.","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"422_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2021.100268","volume":"22","author":"O Valk\u00f3","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valk\u00f3, O., and B. De\u00e1k. 2021. Increasing the potential of prescribed burning for the biodiversity conservation of European grasslands. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 22:100268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coesh.2021.100268.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health"},{"key":"422_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2022.106140","volume":"118","author":"E Varela","year":"2022","unstructured":"Varela, E., A. M. Olaizola, I. Blasco, et al. 2022. Unravelling opportunities, synergies, and barriers for enhancing silvopastoralism in the Mediterranean. Land Use Policy 118:106140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landusepol.2022.106140.","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"422_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/f9010027","volume":"9","author":"D Varga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Varga, D., J. Vila Subir\u00f3s, C. Barriocanal, and J. Pujantell. 2018. Landscape transformation under global environmental change in Mediterranean mountains: Agrarian lands as a guarantee for maintaining their multifunctionality. Forests 9:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f9010027.","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"422_CR91","unstructured":"Xanthopoulos G, Caballero D, Galante M, et al (2006) Forest Fuels Management in Europe. Fuels Manag toMeasure Success Conf Proceedings28\u201330 March 2006; Portland, ORProceedings RMRS-P-41 Fort Collins,CO US Dep Agric Serv Rocky Mt Res 29\u201346"},{"key":"422_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2017.11.013","volume":"409","author":"LJ Zachmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zachmann, L. J., D. W. H. Shaw, and B. G. Dickson. 2018. Prescribed fire and natural recovery produce similar long-term patterns of change in forest structure in the Lake Tahoe basin, California. Forest Ecology and Management 409:276\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2017.11.013.","journal-title":"Forest Ecology and Management"}],"container-title":["Fire Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42408-025-00422-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42408-025-00422-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42408-025-00422-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T13:03:44Z","timestamp":1761224624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fireecology.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42408-025-00422-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42408-025-00422-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-9747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-9747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"65"}}