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Additionally, hydrogels were formulated using aqueous leaf extracts to evaluate their rheological properties and the retention of bioactive compounds.\u00a0Antioxidant capacity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, and AIA was determined using the enzyme lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High levels of total phenolic content (TPC) were detected in both the leaf and flower extracts, with 451.97\u2009\u00b1\u200911.24 and 421.95\u2009\u00b1\u200915.38\u00a0mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry material (mg GAE\/g DM). The leaf extract exhibited a high total flavonoid content (TFC), with a concentration of 35.17\u2009\u00b1\u20090.82\u00a0mg catechin equivalents per gram of dry material (mg EQ\/g DM) and showed the strongest antioxidant activity, with an inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was 0.149\u00a0mg\/mL) and a significant LOX-5 inhibition (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.15\u00a0mg\/mL). Hydrogels made with aqueous extracts from leaves retained 57% of polyphenols and maintained 58.6% of antioxidant activities. A rheological analysis of these hydrogels confirmed that the gel formulations are suitable for skincare applications, highlighting their potential for dermatological and anti-inflammatory treatments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This comparative study offers a scientific basis for the traditional use of this local plant's leaves, emphasising their potential as natural antioxidants and sources of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-025-00733-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T08:28:43Z","timestamp":1771230523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Globularia alypum L. extracts and gels from Northern Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Safa","family":"Nasraoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kaouther","family":"Mechergui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abderrahmen","family":"Chargui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mongi","family":"Melki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mehrez","family":"Ameur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Fauconnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Youssef","family":"Ammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"733_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9673(02)00879-8","volume":"975","author":"D Tura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tura D, Robards K (2002) Sample handling strategies for the determination of biophenols in food and plants. 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