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However, whereas the beneficial effects of bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) in the context of the diseased heart are widely reported, data are still scarce on MSCs from the umbilical cord matrix (UCM-MSCs). Herein we report on the effect of UCM-MSC transplantation to the infarcted murine heart, seconded by the dissection of the molecular mechanisms at play.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Human umbilical cord tissue-derived MSCs (UCX\u00ae), obtained by using a proprietary technology developed by ECBio, were delivered via intramyocardial injection to C57BL\/6 females subjected to permanent ligation of the left descending coronary artery. Moreover, medium produced by cultured UCX\u00ae preconditioned under normoxia (CM) or hypoxia (CMH) was collected for subsequent <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> assays.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Evaluation of the effects upon intramyocardial transplantation shows that UCX\u00ae preserved cardiac function and attenuated cardiac remodeling subsequent to myocardial infarction (MI). UCX\u00ae further led to increased capillary density and decreased apoptosis in the injured tissue. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, UCX\u00ae-conditioned medium displayed (a) proangiogenic activity by promoting the formation of capillary-like structures by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and (b) antiapoptotic activity in HL-1 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia. Moreover, in adult murine cardiac Sca-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> progenitor cells (CPCs), conditioned medium enhanced mitogenic activity while activating a gene program characteristic of cardiomyogenic differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>UCX\u00ae preserve cardiac function after intramyocardial transplantation in a MI murine model. The cardioprotective effects of UCX\u00ae were attributed to paracrine mechanisms that appear to enhance angiogenesis, limit the extent of the apoptosis, augment proliferation, and activate a pool of resident CPCs. Overall, these results suggest that UCX\u00ae should be considered an alternative cell source when designing new therapeutic approaches to treat MI.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]],"date-time":"2014-01-10T17:00:48Z","timestamp":1389373248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Human umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate remodeling after myocardial infarction by proangiogenic, antiapoptotic, and endogenous cell-activation mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Diana Santos","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Mosqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Moura","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Filipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tatiana Pinho","family":"Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Francisca","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Paulo","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge Miguel","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita Nogueira","family":"B\u00e1rcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helder","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Perp\u00e9tua","family":"Pinto-do-\u00d3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"451_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182009701","volume":"123","author":"VL Roger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Adams RJ, Berry JD, Brown TM, Carnethon MR, Dai S, de Simone G, Ford ES, Fox CS, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Greenlund KJ, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Ho PM, Howard VJ, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Makuc DM, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McDermott MM, Meigs JB, Moy CS: Heart disease and stroke statistics, 2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. 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