{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T20:02:20Z","timestamp":1763755340150,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Oncology Nursing Society (ONS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oncology Nursing Forum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1188\/05.onf.969-978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,14]],"date-time":"2006-02-14T10:35:59Z","timestamp":1139913359000},"page":"969-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["State of the Science: Hot Flashes and Cancer, Part 2: Management and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1188","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Janet S.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1302","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"E00001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adlercreutz, H. (1990). Western diet and Western diseases: Some hormonal and biochemical mechanisms and associations. <i>Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 201<\/i>(1, Suppl.), 3-23.","DOI":"10.1080\/00365519009085798"},{"key":"E00002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adlercreutz, H., & Mazur, W. (1997). Phyto-oestrogens and Western diseases. <i>Annals of Medicine, 29<\/i>, 95-120.","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899709113696"},{"key":"E00003","unstructured":"Swain, S., Santen, R., Burger, H., & Pritchard, K. (Eds.). (1999). Treatment of estrogen deficiency symptoms in women surviving breast cancer. Part 4: Urogenital atrophy, vasomotor instability, sleep disorders, and related symptoms. Proceedings of a conference held at the Boar's Head Inn, Charlottesville, Virginia. September 21-23, 1997. <i>Oncology, 13<\/i>, 551-563."},{"key":"E00004","unstructured":"Thompson, E.A., & Reilly, D. (2003). The homeopathic approach to the treatment of symptoms of oestrogen withdrawal in breast cancer patients. A prospective observational study. <i>Homeopathy, 92<\/i>, 131-134."},{"key":"E00005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ueda, M. (2004). A 12-week structured education and exercise program improved climacteric symptoms in middle-aged women. <i>Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 23<\/i>, 143-148.","DOI":"10.2114\/jpa.23.143"},{"key":"E00006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Upmalis, D.H., Lobo, R., Bradley, L., Warren, M., Cone, F.L., & Lamia, C.A. (2000). Vasomotor symptom relief by soy isoflavone extract tablets in postmenopausal women: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. <i>Menopause, 7<\/i>, 236-242.","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200007040-00005"},{"key":"E00007","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2003). <i>Estrogen and estrogen\/progestin drug products to treat vasomotor symptoms and vulvar and vaginal atrophy symptoms\u2014Recommendations for clinical evaluation: Draft guidance.<\/i> Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research."},{"key":"E00008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Patten, C.L., Olivotto, I.A., Chambers, G.K., Gelmon, K.A., Hislop, T.G., Templeton, E., et al. (2002). Effect of soy phytoestrogens on hot flashes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. <i>Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20<\/i>, 1449-1455.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.6.1449"},{"key":"E00009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weitzner, M.A., Moncello, J., Jacobsen, P.B., & Minton, S. (2002). A pilot trial of paroxetine for the treatment of hot flashes and associated symptoms in women with breast cancer. <i>Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 23<\/i>, 337-345.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00379-2"},{"key":"E00010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wijma, K., Melin, A., Nedstrand, E., & Hammar, M. (1997). Treatment of menopausal symptoms with applied relaxation: A pilot study. <i>Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 28<\/i>, 251-261.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7916(97)00030-X"},{"key":"E00011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williamson, J., White, A., Hart, A., & Ernst, E. (2002). Randomised controlled trial of reflexology for menopausal symptoms. <i>British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 109<\/i>, 1050-1055.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01504.x"},{"key":"E00012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wyon, Y., Lindgren, R., Lundeberg, T., & Hammar, M. (1995). Effects of acupuncture on climacteric vasomotor symptoms, quality of life, and urinary excretion of neuropeptides among postmenopausal women. <i>Menopause, 2<\/i>, 3-12.","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-199502010-00002"},{"key":"E00013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aiello, E.J., Yasui, Y., Tworoger, S.S., Ulrich, C.M., Irwin, M.L., Bowen, D., et al. (2004). Effect of a yearlong, moderate-intensity exercise intervention on the occurrence and severity of menopause symptoms in postmenopausal women. <i>Menopause, 11<\/i>, 382-388.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GME.0000113932.56832.27"},{"key":"E00014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albertazzi, P., Pansini, F., Bonaccorsi, G., Zanotti, L., Forini, E., & De Aloysio, D. (1998). The effect of dietary soy supplementation on hot flushes. <i>Obstetrics and Gynecology, 91<\/i>, 6-11.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00597-8"},{"key":"E00015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barton, D., La, V.B., Loprinzi, C., Novotny, P., Wilwerding, M.B., & Sloan, J. (2002). Venlafaxine for the control of hot flashes: Results of a longitudinal continuation study. <i>Oncology Nursing Forum, 29<\/i>, 33-40.","DOI":"10.1188\/02.ONF.33-40"},{"key":"E00016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barton, D., & Loprinzi, C.L. (2004). Making sense of the evidence regarding nonhormonal treatments for hot flashes. <i>Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 8<\/i>, 39-42.","DOI":"10.1188\/04.CJON.39-42"},{"key":"E00017","unstructured":"Barton, D.L., Loprinzi, C., & Gostout, B. (2002). Current management of menopausal symptoms in cancer patients. <i>Oncology, 16<\/i>, 67-72, 74."},{"key":"E00018","unstructured":"Barton, D.L., Loprinzi, C.L., Novotny, P., Shanafelt, T., Sloan, J., Wahner-Roedler, D., et al. (2003). Pilot evaluation of citalopram for the relief of hot flashes. <i>Journal of Supportive Oncology, 1<\/i>, 47-51."},{"key":"E00019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barton, D.L., Loprinzi, C.L., Quella, S.K., Sloan, J.A., Veeder, M.H., Egner, J.R., et al. (1998). Prospective evaluation of vitamin E for hot flashes in breast cancer survivors. <i>Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16<\/i>, 495-500.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.2.495"},{"key":"E00020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beique, J.C., de Montigny, C., Blier, P., & Debonnel, G. (1999). Venlafaxine: Discrepancy between in vivo 5-HT and NE reuptake blockade and affinity for reuptake sites. <i>Synapse, 32<\/i>, 198-211.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(19990601)32:3<198::AID-SYN6>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"E00021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergmans, M.G., Merkus, J.M., Corbey, R.S., Schellekens, L.A., & Ubachs, J.M. (1987). Effect of bellergal retard on climacteric complaints: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. <i>Maturitas, 9<\/i>, 227-234.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(87)90005-3"},{"key":"E00022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertelli, G., Venturini, M., Del Mastro, L., Bergaglio, M., Sismondi, P., Biglia, N., et al. (2002). Intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone versus oral megestrol for the control of postmenopausal hot flashes in breast cancer patients: A randomized study. <i>Annals of Oncology, 13<\/i>, 883-888.","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdf151"},{"key":"E00023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burdette, J.E., Liu, J., Chen, S.N., Fabricant, D.S., Piersen, C.E., Barker, E.L., et al. (2003). Black cohosh acts as a mixed competitive ligand and partial agonist of the serotonin receptor. <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51<\/i>, 5661-5670.","DOI":"10.1021\/jf034264r"},{"key":"E00024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpenter, J.S. (2000). Hot flashes and their management in breast cancer. <i>Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 16<\/i>, 214-225.","DOI":"10.1053\/sonc.2000.8116"},{"key":"E00025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpenter, J.S., Andrykowski, M.A., Freedman, R.R., & Munn, R. (1999). Feasibility and psychometrics of an ambulatory hot flash monitoring device. <i>Menopause, 6<\/i>, 209-215.","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-199906030-00006"},{"key":"E00026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpenter, J.S., Azzouz, F., Monahan, P.O., Storniolo, A.M., & Ridner, S.H. (In press). Is sternal skin conductance monitoring a valid measure of hot flash intensity and\/or hot flash distress? <i>Menopause, 12<\/i>(5).","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gme.0000170957.31542.1c"},{"key":"E00027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpenter, J.S., Gilchrist, J.M., Chen, K., Gautam, S., & Freedman, R.R. (2004). Hot flashes, core body temperature, and metabolic parameters in breast cancer survivors. <i>Menopause, 11<\/i>, 375-381.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GME.0000113848.74835.1A"},{"key":"E00028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpenter, J.S., Johnson, D., Wagner, L., & Andrykowski, M. (2002). Hot flashes and related outcomes in breast cancer survivors and matched comparison women. <i>Oncology Nursing Forum, 29<\/i>, E16-E25.","DOI":"10.1188\/02.ONF.E16-E25"},{"key":"E00029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpenter, J.S., Monahan, P.O., & Azzouz, F. (2004). Accuracy of subjective hot flush reports compared with continuous sternal skin conductance monitoring. <i>Obstetrics and Gynecology, 104<\/i>, 1322-1326.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000143891.79482.ee"},{"key":"E00030","unstructured":"Carpenter, J.S., & Ridner, S.H. (2003). Peer Viewpoint: Commentary on \"New therapeutic approaches for hot flashes in women.\" <i>Journal of Supportive Oncology, 1<\/i>, 14-15."},{"key":"E00031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpenter, J.S., Wells, N., Lambert, B., Watson, P., Slayton, T., Chak, B., et al. (2002). A pilot study of magnetic therapy for hot flashes after breast cancer. <i>Cancer Nursing, 25<\/i>, 104-109.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-200204000-00005"},{"key":"E00032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cauley, J.A., Robbins, J., Chen, Z., Cummings, S.R., Jackson, R.D., LaCroix, A.Z., et al. (2003). Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: The Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. <i>JAMA<\/i>, 290, 1729-1738.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.13.1729"},{"key":"E00033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chlebowski, R.T., Hendrix, S.L., Langer, R.D., Stefanick, M.L., Gass, M., Lane, D., et al. (2003). Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. <i>JAMA, 289<\/i>, 3243-3253.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.24.3243"},{"key":"E00034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chlebowski, R.T., Wactawski-Wende, J., Ritenbaugh, C., Hubbell, F.A., Ascensao, J., Rodabough, R.J., et al. (2004). Estrogen plus progestin and colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women. <i>New England Journal of Medicine, 350<\/i>, 991-1004.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032071"},{"key":"E00035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christy, C.J. (1945). Vitamin E in menopause. <i>American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 50<\/i>, 84-87.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(45)90011-1"},{"key":"E00036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemons, M., Clamp, A., & Anderson, B. (2002). Management of the menopause in cancer survivors. <i>Cancer Treatment Reviews, 28<\/i>, 321-333.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(02)00089-0"},{"key":"E00037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clover, A., & Ratsey, D. (2002). Homeopathic treatment of hot flushes: A pilot study. <i>Homeopathy, 91<\/i>, 75-79.","DOI":"10.1054\/homp.2002.0004"},{"key":"E00038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, S.M., O'Connor, A.M., Hart, J., Merel, N.H., & Te, H.S. (2004). Autoimmune hepatitis associated with the use of black cohosh: A case study. <i>Menopause, 11<\/i>, 575-577.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gme.0000142914.55849.6a"},{"key":"E00039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, S.M., Rousseau, M.E., & Carey, B.L. (2003). Can acupuncture ease the symptoms of menopause? <i>Holistic Nursing Practice, 17<\/i>, 295-299.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004650-200311000-00004"},{"key":"E00040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cushman, M., Kuller, L.H., Prentice, R., Rodabough, R.J., Psaty, B.M., Stafford, R.S., et al. (2004). Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis. <i>JAMA, 292<\/i>, 1573-1580.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.13.1573"},{"key":"E00041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, H., Ludicke, F., Comte, I., Campana, A., Graff, P., & Bischof, P. (2001). An exploratory pilot study of acupuncture on the quality of life and reproductive hormone secretion in menopausal women. <i>Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 7<\/i>, 651-658.","DOI":"10.1089\/10755530152755207"},{"key":"E00042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Einbond, L.S., Shimizu, M., Xiao, D., Nuntanakorn, P., Lim, J.T., Suzui, M., et al. (2004). Growth inhibitory activity of extracts and purified components of black cohosh on human breast cancer cells. <i>Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 83<\/i>, 221-231.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BREA.0000014043.56230.a3"},{"key":"E00043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finkler, R.S. (1949). The effect of vitamin E in the menopause. <i>Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 9<\/i>(1), 89-94.","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-9-1-89"},{"key":"E00044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLaren, H.C. (1949). Vitamin E in the menopause. <i>BMJ, 2<\/i>, 1378-1381.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4641.1378"},{"key":"E00045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messina, M., & Barnes, S. (1991). The role of soy products in reducing risk of cancer. <i>Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 83<\/i>, 541-546.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/83.8.541"},{"key":"E00046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, K.L. (1992). Alternatives to estrogen for menopausal symptoms. <i>Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 35<\/i>, 884-893.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199212000-00022"},{"key":"E00047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moyad, M.A. (2002). Complementary\/alternative therapies for reducing hot flashes in prostate cancer patients: Reevaluating the existing indirect data from studies of breast cancer and postmenopausal women. <i>Urology, 59<\/i>(4, Suppl. 1), 20-33.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01641-2"},{"key":"E00048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murkies, A.L., Lombard, C., Strauss, B.J., Wilcox, G., Burger, H.G., & Morton, M.S. (1995). Dietary flour supplementation decreases post-menopausal hot flushes: Effect of soy and wheat. <i>Maturitas, 21<\/i>, 189-195.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(95)00899-V"},{"key":"E00049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagamani, M., Kelver, M.E., & Smith, E.R. (1987). Treatment of menopausal hot flashes with transdermal administration of clonidine. <i>American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 156<\/i>, 561-565.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(87)90050-0"},{"key":"E00050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagata, C., Takatsuka, N., Kawakami, N., & Shimizu, H. (2001). Soy product intake and hot flashes in Japanese women: Results from a community-based prospective study. <i>American Journal of Epidemiology, 153<\/i>, 790-793.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.8.790"},{"key":"E00051","unstructured":"North American Menopause Society. (2004). Treatment of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: Position statement of the North American Menopause Society. <i>Menopause, 11<\/i>, 11-33."},{"key":"E00052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandya, K.J., Thummala, A.R., Griggs, J.J., Rosenblatt, J.D., Sahasrabudhe, D.M., Guttuso, T.J., et al. (2004). Pilot study using gabapentin for tamoxifen-induced hot flashes in women with breast cancer. <i>Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 83<\/i>, 87-89.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BREA.0000010676.54597.22"},{"key":"E00053","unstructured":"Pedhazur, E.J., & Schmelkin, L. (1991). <i>Measurement, design, and analysis: An integrated approach.<\/i> Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"E00054","unstructured":"Perez, D.G., Loprinzi, C.L., Barton, D.L., Pockaj, B.A., Sloan, J., Novotny, P.J., et al. (2004). Pilot evaluation of mirtazapine for the treatment of hot flashes. <i>Journal of Supportive Oncology, 2<\/i>, 50-56."},{"key":"E00055","unstructured":"Ping, J., Ren-hai, M., & Zhong-xiang, W. (1998). Body acupuncture plus ear pressing in the treatment of menopausal syndrome. <i>International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture, 9<\/i>, 471-473."},{"key":"E00056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porzio, G., Trapasso, T., Martelli, S., Sallusti, E., Piccone, C., Mattei, A., et al. (2002). Acupuncture in the treatment of menopause-related symptoms in women taking tamoxifen. <i>Tumori, 88<\/i>, 128-130.","DOI":"10.1177\/030089160208800209"},{"key":"E00057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quella, S.K., Loprinzi, C.L., Barton, D.L., Knost, J.A., Sloan, J.A., LaVasseur, B.I., et al. (2000). Evaluation of soy phytoestrogens for the treatment of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial. <i>Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18<\/i>, 1068-1074.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.5.1068"},{"key":"E00058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quella, S.K., Loprinzi, C.L., Sloan, J.A., Vaught, N.L., DeKrey, W.L., Fischer, T., et al. (1998). Long term use of megestrol acetate by cancer survivors for the treatment of hot flashes. <i>Cancer, 82<\/i>, 1784-1788.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980501)82:9<1789::AID-CNCR27>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"E00059","unstructured":"Rossouw, J.E., Anderson, G.L., Prentice, R.L., LaCroix, A.Z., Kooperberg, C., Stefanick, M.L., et al. (2002). Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. <i>JAMA, 288<\/i>, 321-333."},{"key":"E00060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanacora, G., Berman, R.M., Cappiello, A., Oren, D.A., Kugaya, A., Liu, N., et al. (2004). Addition of the alpha2-antagonist yohimbine to fluoxetine: Effects on rate of antidepressant response. <i>Neuropsychopharmacology, 29<\/i>, 1166-1171.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300418"},{"key":"E00061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandberg, M., Wijma, K., Wyon, Y., Nedstrand, E., & Hammar, M. (2002). Effects of electro-acupuncture on psychological distress in postmenopausal women. <i>Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 10<\/i>, 161-169.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965229902000547"},{"key":"E00062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sartor, O., & Eastham, J.A. (1999). Progressive prostate cancer associated with use of megestrol acetate administered for control of hot flashes. <i>Southern Medical Journal, 92<\/i>, 415-416.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199904000-00013"},{"key":"E00063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scambia, G., Mango, D., Signorile, P.G., Anselmi Angeli, R.A., Palena, C., Gallo, D., et al. (2000). Clinical effects of a standardized soy extract in postmenopausal women: A pilot study. <i>Menopause, 7<\/i>, 105-111.","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200007020-00006"},{"key":"E00064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schober, C.E., & Ansani, N.T. (2003). Venlafaxine hydrochloride for the treatment of hot flashes. <i>Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 37<\/i>, 1703-1707.","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1C483"},{"key":"E00065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shumaker, S.A., Legault, C., Rapp, S.R., Thal, L., Wallace, R.B., Ockene, J.K., et al. (2003). Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: A randomized controlled trial. <i>JAMA, 289<\/i>, 2651-2662.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.20.2651"},{"key":"E00066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sloan, J.A., Loprinzi, C.L., Novotny, P.J., Barton, D.L., Lavasseur, B.I., & Windschitl, H. (2001). Methodologic lessons learned from hot flash studies. <i>Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19<\/i>, 4280-4290.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.23.4280"},{"key":"E00067","unstructured":"Soffa, V.M. (1996). Alternatives to hormone replacement for menopause. <i>Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2<\/i>(2), 34-39."},{"key":"E00068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stearns, V., Beebe, K.L., Iyengar, M., & Dube, E. (2003). Paroxetine controlled release in the treatment of menopausal hot flashes: A randomized controlled trial. <i>JAMA, 289<\/i>, 2827-2834.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.21.2827"},{"key":"E00069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stearns, V., Isaacs, C., Rowland, J., Crawford, J., Ellis, M.J., Kramer, R., et al. (2000). A pilot trial assessing the efficacy of paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil) in controlling hot flashes in breast cancer survivors. <i>Annals of Oncology, 11<\/i>, 17-22.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008382706068"},{"key":"E00070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stearns, V., Johnson, M.D., Rae, J.M., Morocho, A., Novielli, A., Bhargava, P., et al. (2003). Active tamoxifen metabolite plasma concentrations after coadministration of tamoxifen and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine. <i>Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 95<\/i>, 1758-1764.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg108"},{"key":"E00071","unstructured":"Stearns, V., & Loprinzi, C.L. (2003). New therapeutic approaches for hot flashes in women. <i>Journal of Supportive Oncology, 1<\/i>, 11-21."},{"key":"E00072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St. Germain, A., Peterson, C.T., Robinson, J.G., & Alekel, D.L. (2001). Isoflavone-rich or isoflavone-poor soy protein does not reduce menopausal symptoms during 24 weeks of treatment. <i>Menopause, 8<\/i>, 17-26.","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200101000-00005"},{"key":"E00073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevenson, D.W., & Delprato, D.J. (1983). Multiple component self-control program for menopausal hot flashes. <i>Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 14<\/i>, 137-140.","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(83)90031-9"},{"key":"E00074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J. (2003). Morning\/evening menopausal formula relieves menopausal symptoms: A pilot study. <i>Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 9<\/i>, 403-409.","DOI":"10.1089\/107555303765551624"},{"key":"E00075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suvanto-Luukkonen, E., Koivunen, R., Sundstrom, H., Bloigu, R., Karjalainen, E., Haiva-Mallinen, L., et al. (2005). Citalopram and fluoxetine in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms: A prospective, randomized, 9-month, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. <i>Menopause, 12<\/i>, 18-26.","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200512010-00006"},{"key":"E00076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freedman, R.R. (1989). Laboratory and ambulatory monitoring of menopausal hot flashes. <i>Psychophysiology, 26<\/i>, 573-579.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1989.tb00712.x"},{"key":"E00077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freedman, R.R., & Krell, W. (1999). Reduced thermoregulatory null zone in postmenopausal women with hot flashes. <i>American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 181<\/i>, 66-70.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70437-0"},{"key":"E00078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freedman, R.R., & Woodward, S. (1992). Behavioral treatment of menopausal hot flushes: Evaluation by ambulatory monitoring. <i>American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 167<\/i>, 436-439.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(11)91425-2"},{"key":"E00079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganz, P.A., Greendale, G.A., Petersen, L., Zibecchi, L., Kahn, B., & Belin, T.R. (2000). Managing menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors: Results of a randomized controlled trial. <i>Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92<\/i>, 1054-1064.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.13.1054"},{"key":"E00080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Germaine, L.M., & Freedman, R.R. (1984). Behavioral treatment of menopausal hot flashes: Evaluation by objective methods. <i>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52<\/i>, 1072-1079.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.52.6.1072"},{"key":"E00081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldberg, R.M., Loprinzi, C.L., O'Fallon, J.R., Veeder, M.H., Miser, A.W., Mailliard, J.A., et al. (1994). Transdermal clonidine for ameliorating tamoxifen-induced hot flashes. <i>Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12<\/i>, 155-158.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.1.155"},{"key":"E00082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grady-Weliky, T.A., & Hartmann, D.M. (2001). Flushing in a menopausal woman taking venlafaxine. <i>American Journal of Psychiatry, 158<\/i>, 1330.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.8.1330"},{"key":"E00083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guttuso, T., Jr., Kurlan, R., McDermott, M.P., & Kieburtz, K. (2003). Gabapentin's effects on hot flashes in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. <i>Obstetrics and Gynecology, 101<\/i>, 337-345.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02712-6"},{"key":"E00084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guttuso, T.J., Jr. (2000). Gabapentin's effects on hot flashes and hypothermia. <i>Neurology, 54<\/i>, 2161-2163.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.11.2161"},{"key":"E00085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammar, M., Frisk, J., Grimas, O., Hook, M., Spetz, A.C., & Wyon, Y. (1999). Acupuncture treatment of vasomotor symptoms in men with prostatic carcinoma: A pilot study. <i>Journal of Urology, 161<\/i>, 853-856.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199903000-00031"},{"key":"E00086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, P.F., Remington, P.L., Trentham-Dietz, A., Allen, C.I., & Newcomb, P.A. (2002). Prevalence and treatment of menopausal symptoms among breast cancer survivors. <i>Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 23<\/i>, 501-509.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00395-0"},{"key":"E00087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiemke, C., & Hartter, S. (2000). Pharmacokinetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. <i>Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 85<\/i>, 11-28.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(99)00048-0"},{"key":"E00088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoda, D., Perez, D.G., & Loprinzi, C.L. (2003). Hot flashes in breast cancer survivors. <i>Breast Journal, 9<\/i>, 431-438.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4741.2003.09526.x"},{"key":"E00089","unstructured":"Holzbeierlein, J.M., Castle, E., & Thrasher, J.B. (2004). Complications of androgen deprivation therapy: Prevention and treatment. <i>Oncology, 18<\/i>, 303-309."},{"key":"E00090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horst, W.D., & Preskorn, S.H. (1998). Mechanisms of action and clinical characteristics of three atypical antidepressants: Venlafaxine, nefazodone, bupropion. <i>Journal of Affective Disorders, 51<\/i>, 237-254.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00222-5"},{"key":"E00091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hostanska, K., Nisslein, T., Freudenstein, J., Reichling, J., & Saller, R. (2004). Cimicifuga racemosa extract inhibits proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive and negative human breast carcinoma cell lines by induction of apoptosis. <i>Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 84<\/i>, 151-160.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BREA.0000018413.98636.80"},{"key":"E00092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irvin, J.H., Domar, A.D., Clark, C., Zuttermeister, P.C., & Friedman, R. (1996). The effects of relaxation response training on menopausal symptoms. <i>Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 17<\/i>, 202-207.","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829609025684"},{"key":"E00093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobson, J.S., Troxel, A.B., Evans, J., Klaus, L., Vahdat, L., Kinne, D., et al. (2001). Randomized trial of black cohosh for the treatment of hot flashes among women with a history of breast cancer. <i>Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19<\/i>, 2739-2745.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.10.2739"},{"key":"E00094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeffery, S.M., Pepe, J.J., Popovich, L.M., & Vitagliano, G. (2002). Gabapentin for hot flashes in prostate cancer. <i>Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 36<\/i>, 433-436.","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1A139"},{"key":"E00095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, Y., Desta, Z., Stearns, V., Ward, B., Ho, H., Lee, K.H., et al. (2005). CYP2D6 genotype, antidepressant use, and tamoxifen metabolism during adjuvant breast cancer treatment. <i>Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 97<\/i>, 30-39.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji005"},{"key":"E00096","unstructured":"Jubelirer, S.J. (1995). The management of menopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer. <i>West Virginia Medical Journal, 91<\/i>, 54-56."},{"key":"E00097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knight, D.C., Howes, J.B., Eden, J.A., & Howes, L.G. (2001). Effects on menopausal symptoms and acceptability of isoflavone-containing soy powder dietary supplementation. <i>Climacteric, 4<\/i>, 13-18.","DOI":"10.1080\/cmt.4.1.13.18"},{"key":"E00098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kockler, D.R., & McCarthy, M.W. (2004). Antidepressants as a treatment for hot flashes in women. <i>American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 61<\/i>, 287-292.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/61.3.287"},{"key":"E00099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kronenberg, F. (1990). Hot flashes: Epidemiology and physiology. <i>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 592<\/i>, 52-86.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb30316.x"},{"key":"E00100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindh-Astrand, L., Nedstrand, E., Wyon, Y., & Hammar, M. (2004). Vasomotor symptoms and quality of life in previously sedentary postmenopausal women randomised to physical activity or estrogen therapy. <i>Maturitas, 48<\/i>, 97-105.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(03)00187-7"},{"key":"E00101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liske, E., Hanggi, W., Henneicke-von Zepelin, H.H., Boblitz, N., Wustenberg, P., & Rahlfs, V.W. (2002). Physiological investigation of a unique extract of black cohosh (Cimicifugae racemosae rhizoma): A 6-month clinical study demonstrates no systemic estrogenic effect. <i>Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, 11<\/i>, 163-174.","DOI":"10.1089\/152460902753645308"},{"key":"E00102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lontos, S., Jones, R.M., Angus, P.W., & Gow, P.J. (2003). Acute liver failure associated with the use of herbal preparations containing black cohosh. <i>Medical Journal of Australia, 179<\/i>, 390-391.","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05606.x"},{"key":"E00103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loprinzi, C.L., Barton, D.L., Carpenter, L.A., Sloan, J.A., Novotny, P.J., Gettman, M.T., et al. (2004). Pilot evaluation of paroxetine for treating hot flashes in men. <i>Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 79<\/i>, 1247-1251.","DOI":"10.4065\/79.10.1247"},{"key":"E00104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loprinzi, C.L., Goldberg, R.M., O'Fallon, J.R., Quella, S.K., Miser, A.W., Mynderse, L.A., et al. (1994). Transdermal clonidine for ameliorating post-orchiectomy hot flashes. <i>Journal of Urology, 151<\/i>, 634-636.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35034-6"},{"key":"E00105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loprinzi, C.L., Kugler, J.W., Sloan, J.A., Mailliard, J.A., LaVasseur, B.I., Barton, D.L., et al. (2000). Venlafaxine in management of hot flashes in survivors of breast cancer: A randomised controlled trial. <i>Lancet, 356<\/i>, 2059-2063.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03403-6"},{"key":"E00106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loprinzi, C.L., Michalak, J.C., Quella, S.K., O'Fallon, J.R., Hatfield, A.K., Nelimark, R.A., et al. (1994). Megestrol acetate for the prevention of hot flashes. <i>New England Journal of Medicine, 331<\/i>, 347-352.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408113310602"},{"key":"E00107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loprinzi, C.L., Pisansky, T.M., Fonseca, R., Sloan, J.A., Zahasky, K.M., Quella, S.K., et al. (1998). Pilot evaluation of venlafaxine hydrochloride for the therapy of hot flashes in cancer survivors. <i>Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16<\/i>, 2377-2381.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.7.2377"},{"key":"E00108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loprinzi, C.L., Sloan, J.A., Perez, E.A., Quella, S.K., Stella, P.J., Mailliard, J.A., et al. (2002). Phase III evaluation of fluoxetine for treatment of hot flashes. <i>Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20<\/i>, 1578-1583.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.6.1578"},{"key":"E00109","unstructured":"Mansky, P.J., & Straus, S.E. (2002). St. John's wort: More implications for cancer patients. <i>Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 94<\/i>, 1187-1188."},{"key":"E00110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manson, J.E., Hsia, J., Johnson, K.C., Rossouw, J.E., Assaf, A.R., Lasser, N.L., et al. (2003). Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. <i>New England Journal of Medicine, 349<\/i>, 523-534.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030808"}],"container-title":["Oncology Nursing Forum"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ons.metapress.com\/index\/Q75408315714447J.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T19:52:25Z","timestamp":1763754745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ons.org\/publications-research\/onf\/32\/5\/state-science-hot-flashes-and-cancer-part-2-management-and-future"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["Q75408315714447J"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1188\/05.onf.969-978","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-535X","1538-0688"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0190-535X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1538-0688"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]}}}