{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:04:28Z","timestamp":1789751068422,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oncology Nursing Society (ONS)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CJON"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"DOI":"10.1188\/17.cjon.240-249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,19]],"date-time":"2017-06-19T15:21:23Z","timestamp":1497885683000},"page":"240-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Steroid-Associated Side Effects: A Symptom Management Update on Multiple Myeloma Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1188","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tracy","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Faiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1302","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexanian, R., Dimopoulos, M.A., Delasalle, K., & Barlogie, B. (1992). Primary dexamethasone treatment of multiple myeloma. Blood, 80, 887\u2013890.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.4.887.887"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexanian, R., Haut, A., Khan, A.U., Lane, M., McKelvey, E.M., Migliore, P.J., & Wilson, H.E. (1969). Treatment for multiple myeloma. Combination chemotherapy with different melphalan dose regimens. JAMA, 208, 1680\u20131685.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1969.03160090040009"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. (2017). What are the key statistics about multiple myeloma? Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/multiple-myeloma\/about\/key-statistics.html"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berenson, J., Crowley, J.J., Grogan, T.M., Zangmeister, J., Briggs, A.D., Mills, G.M., . . . Salmon, S.E. (2002). Maintenance therapy with alternate-day prednisone improves survival in multiple myeloma patients. Blood, 99, 3163\u20133168.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.9.3163"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blimark, C., Holmberg, E., Mellqvist, U.-H., Landgren, O., Bjorkholm, M., Hultcrantz, M., . . . Kristinsson, S.Y. (2014). Multiple myeloma and infections: A population-based study on 9253 multiple myeloma patients. Haematologica, 100, 107\u2013113. doi:10.3324\/haematol.2014.107714","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.107714"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boland, E.W., & Headley, N.E. (1949). Effects of cortisone acetate on rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA, 141, 301\u2013308. doi:10.1001\/jama.1949.02910050001001","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1949.02910050001001"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bolanos, S.H., Khan, D.A., Hanczyc, M., Bauer, M.S., Dhanani, N., & Brown, E.S. (2004). Assessment of mood states in patients receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy and in controls with patient-rated and clinician-rated scales. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 92, 500\u2013505.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61756-5"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breitbart, W., Stiefel, F., Kornblith, A.B., & Pannullo, S. (1993). Neuropsychiatric disturbances in cancer patients with epidural spinal cord compression receiving high dose corticosteroids: A prospective comparison study. Psycho-Oncology, 2, 233\u2013245. doi:10.1002\/pon.2960020404","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.2960020404"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buchman, A.L. (2001). Side effects of corticosteroid therapy. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 33, 289\u2013294.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200110000-00006"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrier, M., Gal, G.L., Tay, J., Wu, C., & Lee, A.Y. (2011). Rates of venous thromboembolism in multiple myeloma patients undergoing immunomodulatory therapy with thalidomide or lenalidomide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 9, 653\u2013663. doi:10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04215.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04215.x"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Crude and age-adjusted incidence of diagnosed diabetes per 1,000 population aged 18\u201379 years, United States, 1980\u20132014. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/statistics\/incidence\/fig2.htm"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Pneumococcal vaccination: Information for healthcare professionals. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/vpd\/pneumo\/hcp\/index.html"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chrousos, G.P., & Kino, T. (2007). Glucocorticoid action networks and complex psychiatric and\/or somatic disorders. Stress, 10, 213\u2013219. doi:10.1080\/10253890701292119","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890701292119"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dale, D.C., Fauci, A.S., & Wolff, S.M. (1974). Alternate-day prednisone: Leukocyte kinetics and susceptibility to infections. New England Journal of Medicine, 291, 1154\u20131158. doi:10.1056\/NEJM197411282912203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197411282912203"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimopolous, M.A., Leleu, X., Palumbo, A., Moreau, P., Delforge, M., Cavo, M., . . . Miguel, J.F. (2014). Expert panel consensus statement on the optimal use of pomalidomide in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Leukemia, 28, 1573\u20131585. doi:10.1038\/leu.2014.60","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.60"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimopoulos, M.A., Palumbo, A., Attal, M., Beksac, M., Davies, F.E., Delforge, M., . . . Sonneveld, P. (2011). Optimizing the use of lenalidomide in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: Consensus statement. Leukemia, 25, 749\u2013760. doi:10.1038\/leu.2011.3","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.3"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubovsky, A.N., Arvikar, S., Stern, T.A., & Axelrod, L. (2012). The neuropsychiatric complications of glucocorticoid use: Steroid psychosis revisited. Psychosomatics, 53, 103\u2013115. doi:10.1016\/j.psym.2011.12.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2011.12.007"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faiman, B., Bilotti, E., Mangan, P.A., Rogers, K., & International Myeloma Foundation Nurse Leadership Board. (2008). Steroid-associated side effects in patients with multiple myeloma: Consensus statement of the IMF Nurse Leadership Board. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 12 (Suppl. 3), 53\u201363. doi:10.1188\/08.CJON.S1.53-62","DOI":"10.1188\/08.CJON.S1.53-62"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"Finkenbine, R.D., & Frye, M.D. (1998). Case of psychosis due to prednisone-clarithromycin interaction. General Hospital Psychiatry, 20, 325\u2013326."},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, N., Ye, X., Ferguson, A., Huff, C.A., & Borrello, I. (2011). Bortezomib and thalidomide, a steroid free regimen in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma. British Journal of Haematology, 152, 593\u2013599. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08534.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08534.x"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grinspoon, S.K., & Biller, B.M. (1994). Clinical review 62: Laboratory assessment of adrenal insufficiency. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 79, 923\u2013931. doi:10.1210\/jcem.79.4.7962298","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.79.4.7962298"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"Halper, J.P. (2002). Corticosteroids and behavioural disturbances. In A.N. Lin & S.A. Paget (Eds.), Principles of corticosteroids therapy (pp. 174\u2013201). London: Edward Arnold."},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haywood, A., Good, P., Khan, S., Leupp, A., Jenkins-Marsh, S., Rickett, K., & Hardy, J.R. (2015). Corticosteriods for the management of cancer pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015, CD010756. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD010756.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010756.pub2"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"Howlader, N., Noone, A.M., Krapcho, M., Miller, D., Bishop, K., Altekruse, S.F., . . . Cronin, K.A. (Eds). (2016). SEER cancer statistics review, 1975\u20132013. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.seer\u2028.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2013\/"},{"key":"25","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2012). Globocan 2012: Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. Retrieved from http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr\/Pages\/fact_sheets_population.aspx#"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jenkins, C.A., & Bruera, E. (2000). Difficulties in diagnosing neuropsychiatric complications of corticosteroids in advanced cancer patients: Two case reports. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 19, 309\u2013317.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(00)00116-0"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Judd, L.L., Schettler, P.J., Brown, E.S., Wolkowitz, O.M., Sternberg, E.M., Bender, B.G., . . . Singh, G. (2014). Adverse consequences of glucocorticoid medication: Psychological, cognitive, and behavioral effects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 1045\u20131051. doi:10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13091264","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13091264"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, S.-H., Jang, H.-C., Lee, S.-S., Ahn, J.-S., Yang, D.-H., Kim, Y.-K, . . . Lee, J.-J. (2014). The impact of hyperglycemia on risk of severe infections during early period of induction therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. BioMed Research International, 2014, 1\u20135. doi:10.1155\/2014\/413149","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/413149"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenna, H.A., Poon, A.W., de los Angeles, C.P., & Koran, L.M. (2011). Psychiatric complications of treatment with corticosteroids: Review with case report. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 65, 549\u2013560. doi:10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2011.02260.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2011.02260.x"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khardori, R., Adamski, A., & Khardori, N. (2007). Infection, immunity, and hormones\/endocrine interactions. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 21, 601\u2013615. doi:10.1016\/j.idc.2007.06.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.06.002"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krasner, A.S. (1999). Glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency. JAMA, 282, 671\u2013676.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.671"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larocca, A., & Palumbo, A. (2015). How I treat fragile myeloma patients. Blood, 126. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bloodjournal.org\/content\/126\/19\/2179?sso-checked=true","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-05-612960"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis, D.A., & Smith, R.E., (1983). Steroid-induced psychiatric syndromes: A report of 14 cases and a review of the literature. Journal of Affected Disorders, 5, 319\u2013332.","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(83)90022-8"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lonial, S., Dimopoulos, M., Palumbo, A., White, D., Grosicki, S., Spicka, I., . . . Richardson, P. (2015). Elotuzumab therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. New England Journal of Medicine, 373, 621\u2013631. doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa1505654","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505654"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattour, A.H., Farhan, S., Janakiraman, N., & Peres, E. (2014). Incidence of adrenal insufficiency in patients with multiple myeloma during high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant. Blood, 124, 5862.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V124.21.5862.5862"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGrath, P., & Holewa, H. (2010). The emotional consequences of corticosteroid use in hematology: Preliminary findings. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 28, 335\u2013350. doi:10.1080\/07347332.2010.485246","DOI":"10.1080\/07347332.2010.485246"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"McGrath, P., Pun, P., James, S., & Holewa H. (2007). Psychological and psychiatric squealae of steroid use in hematology treatments: A review of the literature. Austral-Asian Journal of Cancer, 6, 87\u201393."},{"key":"38","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2016). NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Multiple myeloma [v.2.2016]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/myeloma.pdf"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng, A.C., Kumar, S.K., Russell, S.J., Rajkumar, S.V., & Drake, M.T. (2009). Dexamethasone and the risk for adrenal suppression in multiple myeloma. Leukemia, 23, 1009\u20131011. doi:10.1038\/leu.2008.373","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.373"},{"key":"40","unstructured":"Nieman, L.K. (2003). Dynamic evaluation of adrenal hypofunction. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 26(Suppl. 7), 74\u201382."},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishimura, K., Harigai, M., Omori, M., Sato, E., & Hara, M. (2008). Blood-brain barrier damage as a risk factor for corticosteroid-induced psychiatric disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33, 395\u2013403. doi:10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.12.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.12.007"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nucci, M., & Anaissie, E. (2009). Infections in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of high-dose therapy and novel agents. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49, 1211\u20131225. doi:10.1086\/605664","DOI":"10.1086\/605664"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, A. (2012). Optimizing multiple myeloma treatment: Conclusions. Leukemia Research., 36(Suppl. 1), S44\u2013S45. doi:10.1016\/s0145-2126(12)70008-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(12)70008-5"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, A., & Anderson, K. (2011). Multiple myeloma. New England Journal of Medicine, 364, 1046\u20131060. doi:10.1056\/NEJMra1011442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011442"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, A., Bringhen, S., Ludwig, H., Dimopoulos, M.A., Blad\u00e9, J., Mateos, M.-V., . . . Sonneveld, P. (2011). Personalized therapy in multiple myeloma according to patient age and vulnerability: A report of the European Myeloma Network (EMN). Blood, 118, 4519\u20134529. doi:10.1182\/blood-2011-06-358812","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-358812"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, A., Bringhen, S., Mateos, M.-V., Larocca, A., Facon, T., Kumar, S.K., . . . Rajkumar, S.V. (2015). Geriatric assessment predicts survival and toxicities in elderly myeloma patients: An International Myeloma Working Group report. Blood, 125, 2068\u20132074. doi:10.1182\/blood-2014-12-615187","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-615187"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, A., Mateos, M.-V., Bringhen, S., & San Miguel, J.S. (2011). Practical management of adverse events in multiple myeloma: Can therapy be attenuated in older patients? Blood Reviews, 25, 181\u2013191. doi:10.1016\/j.blre.2011.03.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2011.03.005"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, A., Rajkumar, S.V., Dimopoulos, M.A., Richardson, P.G., San Miguel, J., Barlogie, B., . . . Hussein, M.A. (2007). Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma. Leukemia, 22, 414\u2013423. doi:10.1038\/sj.leu.2405062","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2405062"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, A., Rossi, D., Bringhen, S., Larocca, A., Gentilini, F., De Paoli, L., . . . Corradini, P. (2014). Weekly carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (wCCd) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: A phase I\u2013II study. Blood, 124, 175.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V124.21.175.175"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patten, S.B., & Neutel, C.L. (2000). Corticosteroid-induced adverse psychiatric effects: Incidence, diagnosis and management. Drug Safety, 22, 111\u2013122.","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200022020-00004"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajkumar, S.V., Jacobus, S., Callander, N.S., Fonseca, R., Vesole, D.H., Williams, M.E, . . . Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. (2010). Lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone as initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: An open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncology, 11, 29\u201337. doi:10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70284-0","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70284-0"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranta, F., Avram, D., Berchtold, S., D\u00fcfer, M., Drews, G., Lang, F., & Ullrich, S. (2006). Dexamethasone induces cell death in insulin-secreting cells, an effect reversed by exendin-4. Diabetes, 55, 1380\u20131390.","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1220"},{"key":"53","unstructured":"Schimmer, B.P., & Funder, J.W. (2011). ACTH, adrenal steroids, and pharmacology of the adrenal cortex. In L.L. Brunton, B.A. Chabner, & B.C. Knollmann (Eds.), Goodman and Gilman\u2019s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctt, P., Brandhorst, D., Stellberg, W., Poser, M., Ebeling, P., M\u00fcller, S., . . . Nowrousian, M.R. (2006). Immune parameters in multiple myeloma patients: Influence of treatment and correlation with opportunistic infections. Leukemia and Lymphoma, 47, 1570\u20131582. doi:10.1080\/10428190500472503","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190500472503"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sher, T., Ailawadhi, S., Miller, K.C., Manfredi, D., Wood, M., Tan, W., . . . Chanan-Khan, A. (2011). A steroid-independent regimen of bortezomib, liposomal doxorubicin and thalidomide demonstrate high response rates in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. British Journal of Haematology, 154, 104\u2013110. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08703.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08703.x"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snowden, J.A., Ahmedzai, S.H., Ashcroft, J., D'Sa, S., Littlewood, T., Low, E., . . . Bird, J.M. (2011). Guidelines for supportive care in multiple myeloma 2011. British Journal of Haematology, 154, 76\u2013103. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08574.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08574.x"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stewart, A.K., Rajkumar, S.V., Dimopoulos, M.A., Masszi, T., \u0160pi\u010dka, I., Oriol, A., . . . Palumbo, A. (2015). Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 142\u2013152. doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa1411321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411321"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stewart, A.K., Richardson, P.G., & San-Miguel, J.F. (2009). How I treat multiple myeloma in younger patients. Blood, 114, 5436\u20135443. doi:10.1182\/blood-2009-07-204651","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-204651"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiefel, F., Breitbart, W.S., & Holland, J.C. (1989). Corticosteroids in cancer: Neuropsychiatric complications. Cancer Investigation, 7, 479\u2013491. doi:10.3109\/07357908909041378","DOI":"10.3109\/07357908909041378"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teh, B.W., Harrison, S.J., Pellegrini, M., Thursky, K.A., Worth, L.J., & Slavin, M.A. (2014). Changing treatment paradigms for patients with plasma cell myeloma: Impact upon immune determinants of infection. Blood Reviews, 28, 75\u201386. doi:10.1016\/j.blre.2014.01.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2014.01.004"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teh, B.W., Harrison, S.J., Worth, L.J., Spelman, T., Thursky, K.A., & Slavin, M.A. (2015). Risks, severity and timing of infections in patients with multiple myeloma: A longitudinal cohort study in the era of immunomodulatory drug therapy. British Journal of Haematology, 171, 100\u2013108. doi:10.1111\/bjh.13532","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13532"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terpos, E., Kleber, M., Engelhardt, M., Zwweegman, S., Gay, F., Kastritis, E., . . . European Myeloma Network. (2015). European Myeloma Network guidelines for the management of multiple myeloma-related complications. Haematologica, 100, 1254\u20131266. doi:10.3324\/haematol.2014.117176","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.117176"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vesole, D.H., Oken, M.M., Heckler, C., Greipp, P.R., Katz, M.S., Jacobus, S., & Morrow, G.R. (2012). Oral antibiotic prophylaxis of early infection in multiple myeloma: A URCC\/ECOG randomized phase III study. Leukemia, 26, 2517\u20132520. doi:10.1038\/leu.2012.124","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.124"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zigmond, A.S., & Snaith, R.P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361\u2013370.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zweegman, S., Palumbo, A., Bringhen, S., & Sonneveld, P. (2014). Age and aging in blood disorders: Multiple myeloma. Haematologica, 99, 1133\u20131137.","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.110296"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/cjon.ons.org\/cjon\/21\/2-0\/steroid-associated-side-effects-symptom-management-update-multiple-myeloma-treatment","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T19:52:08Z","timestamp":1763754728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ons.org\/publications-research\/cjon\/21\/2\/steroid-associated-side-effects-symptom-management-update-multiple"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1188\/17.cjon.240-249","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-1095","1538-067X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-067X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]}}}