{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T13:47:18Z","timestamp":1770990438199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Recent reports have identified two major classes of CpG motif-containing oligodeoxynucleotide immunostimulatory sequences (ISS): uniformly modified phosphorothioate (PS) oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs), which initiate B cell functions but poorly activate dendritic cells (DCs) to make interferon (IFN)-\u03b1, and chimeric PS\/phosphodiester (PO) ODNs containing runs of six contiguous guanosines, which induce very high levels of plasmacytoid DC (PDC)-derived IFN-\u03b1 but poorly stimulate B cells. We have generated the first reported ISS, C274, which exhibits very potent effects on all human immune cells known to recognize ISS. C274 is a potent inducer of IFN-\u03b3\/IFN-\u03b1 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and exhibits accelerated kinetics of activity compared with standard ISS. This ODN also effectively stimulates B cells to proliferate, secrete cytokines, and express costimulatory antigens. In addition, C274 specifically activates PDCs to undergo maturation and secrete cytokines, including very high levels of IFN-\u03b1. Sequence variation studies based on C274 were used to identify the general motif requirements for this novel and distinct class of ISS. In contrast, chimeric PO\/PS CpG-containing ODNs with polyguanosine sequences exert a differential pattern of ISS activity compared with C274, perhaps in part as a result of their greatly different structural nature. This pattern is composed of high IFN-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03b3 induction and low DC maturation in the absence of B cell stimulation. In conclusion, we have generated a novel class of ISS that transcends the limitations ascribed to classes described previously in that it provides excellent stimulation of B cells and simultaneously activates PDCs to differentiate and secrete large amounts of type I IFN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1202630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,28]],"date-time":"2003-05-28T19:36:40Z","timestamp":1054150600000},"page":"781-792","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["Identification of a novel CpG DNA class and motif that optimally stimulate B cell and plasmacytoid dendritic cell functions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Jason D","family":"Marshall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Berkeley, California"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Berkeley, California"}]},{"given":"Christi","family":"Abbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Berkeley, California"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Berkeley, California"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Berkeley, California"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Berkeley, California"}]},{"given":"Robert L","family":"Coffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Berkeley, California"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Van Nest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Berkeley, California"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033018583020300_jlb0781-cit-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(01)02004-9","article-title":"Toll receptors in innate immunity","volume":"11","author":"Imler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"2023033018583020300_jlb0781-cit-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/35100529","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and innate immunity","volume":"1","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. 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