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The reason for this association is not quite understood. We now demonstrate by flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and ELISA that human peripheral blood monocytes interact both quantitatively and qualitatively different with smooth and rough Brucella organisms in vitro. We confirm that considerably higher numbers of rough than smooth brucellae attach to and enter the monocytes in nonopsonic conditions; but only smooth brucellae replicate in the host cells. We show for the first time that rough brucellae induce higher amounts than smooth brucellae of several CXC (GRO-\u03b1, IL-8) and CC (MIP-1\u03b1, MIP-1\u03b2, MCP-1, RANTES) chemokines, as well as pro- (IL-6, TNF-\u03b1) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines released by challenged monocytes. Upon uptake, phagosomes containing rough brucellae develop selective fusion competence to form spacious communal compartments, whereas phagosomes containing smooth brucellae are nonfusiogenic. Collectively, our data suggest that rough brucellae attract and infect monocytes more effectively than smooth brucellae, but only smooth LPS phenotypes establish a specific host cell compartment permitting successful parasitism. These novel findings link the LPS phenotype of Brucella and its virulence for humans at the level of the infected host cells. Whether this is due to a direct effect of the LPS molecules or to upstream bacterial mechanisms remains to be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0103015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,10]],"date-time":"2003-09-10T01:25:10Z","timestamp":1063157110000},"page":"1045-1055","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Smooth and rough lipopolysaccharide phenotypes of<i>Brucella<\/i>induce different intracellular trafficking and cytokine\/chemokine release in human monocytes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Michael G","family":"Rittig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and University of Nottingham Medical School , Nottingham NG7 2UH , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Immunologie, Philipps-Universit\u00e4t , 35032 Marburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Robins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School , Nottingham NG7 2UH , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and University of Nottingham Medical School , Nottingham NG7 2UH , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Sprenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Immunologie, Philipps-Universit\u00e4t , 35032 Marburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diethard","family":"Gemsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Immunologie, Philipps-Universit\u00e4t , 35032 Marburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Foulongne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U431, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II , 34095 Montpellier , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Rouot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U431, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II , 34095 Montpellier , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Dornand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U431, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II , 34095 Montpellier , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033100292540100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01604-0","article-title":"Structure and function of lipopolysaccharides","volume":"4","author":"Erridge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"2023033100292540100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01612-X","article-title":"Structural and functional analyses of bacterial lipopolysaccharides","volume":"4","author":"Caroff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"2023033100292540100_","first-page":"19","article-title":"Structure and properties of the outer membranes of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis","volume":"1","author":"Moriyon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. 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