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In the present report, we sought to examine the capacity of \u03bc- and \u03b4-opioids to modulate the function of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, the two major human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coreceptors. We found that the chemotactic responses to the CCR1\/5 ligand CCL5\/regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted, but not the CXCR4 ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1\u03b1\/CXCL12 were inhibited following opioid pretreatment. Studies were performed with primary monocytes and Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with CCR5 and the \u03bc-opioid receptor to determine whether cross-desensitization of CCR5 was a result of receptor internalization. Using radiolabeled-binding analysis, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy, we found that the heterologous desensitization of CCR5 was not associated with a significant degree of receptor internalization. Despite this, we found that the cross-desensitization of CCR5 by opioids was associated with a decrease in susceptibility to R5 but not X4 strains of HIV-1. Our findings are consistent with the notion that impairment of the normal signaling activity of CCR5 inhibits HIV-1 coreceptor function. These results have significant implications for our understanding of the effect of opioids on the regulation of leukocyte trafficking in inflammatory disease states and the process of coreceptor-dependent HIV-1 infection. The interference with HIV-1 uptake by heterologous desensitization of CCR5 suggests that HIV-1 interaction with this receptor is not passive but involves a signal transduction process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0203067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,16]],"date-time":"2003-09-16T00:58:49Z","timestamp":1063673929000},"page":"1074-1082","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Selective inactivation of CCR5 and decreased infectivity of R5 HIV-1 strains mediated by opioid-induced heterologous desensitization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Imre","family":"Szabo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, and the Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele A","family":"Wetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, and the Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center , Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber D","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, and the Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E","family":"Kaminsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, and the Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongguang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, and the Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee-Yuan","family":"Liu-Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, and the Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Bednar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, and the Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Earl E","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, and the Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O M Zack","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center , Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost J","family":"Oppenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center , Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, and the Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033100382941300_","first-page":"145","article-title":"International union of pharmacology. 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