{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:29:43Z","timestamp":1790936983417,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]],"date-time":"2005-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008492","name":"Swiss National Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Nr. 3200-06165400\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nr. 3200-06165400\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD14 is a myeloid receptor for bacterial cell membrane\/wall components, for which we previously showed a strong induction in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during meningitis. Here, we studied CD14 function in murine Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis by using wild-type (WT), CD14\u2212\/\u2212 mice, and WT mice pretreated with neutralizing anti-CD14 antibodies. Early polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) immigration was more pronounced in CSF of CD14\u2212\/\u2212 than of WT mice. This was not a result of altered adherence molecule expression in blood and CSF PMN or brain endothelial cells. Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine levels were similar in CSF in both strains, but MIP-2 was higher in infected brain and in brain-derived endothelial cells infected in vitro in CD14\u2212\/\u2212 than in WT mice. CD14\u2212\/\u2212 PMN demonstrated increased expression of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) after infection and stronger in vitro chemotaxis than WT PMN toward CSF from WT or CD14\u2212\/\u2212 mice and toward MIP-2. Excess PMN migration in CD14\u2212\/\u2212 mice did not result in improved bacterial clearing but in increased tumor necrosis factor in CSF, higher disease severity, and earlier death. Pretreatment with anti-CXCR2 reduced PMN infiltration into CSF and brain MIP-2 production and abolished earlier mortality in CD14\u2212\/\u2212 mice. In conclusion, CD14 plays a protective role in pneumococcal meningitis by slowing PMN migration via MIP-2 and CXCR2 modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0205063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,8]],"date-time":"2005-06-08T03:03:38Z","timestamp":1118199818000},"page":"705-715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["CD14 deficiency leads to increased MIP-2 production, CXCR2 expression, neutrophil transmigration, and early death in pneumococcal infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Hakim","family":"Echchannaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Research, University Hospitals , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital , Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryse","family":"Letiembre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Research, University Hospitals , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Strieter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California , Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regine","family":"Landmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Research, University Hospitals , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033022355016700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301073280104","article-title":"Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. 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