{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T16:59:37Z","timestamp":1761843577714,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK-74033","DK-47322","DK-54495","HD-41361","DE-16005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-74033","DK-47322","DK-54495","HD-41361","DE-16005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001063","name":"Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Foundation of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Intestinal macrophages, unlike macrophages from other tissues, do not support HIV-1 infection or produce proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro studies suggest this unique, functional phenotype is a result of the exposure of newly recruited blood monocytes to intestinal stromal products. However, in AIDS-related CMV colitis, mucosal macrophages express HIV-1 and proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism by which CMV confers permissiveness to HIV-1 and cytokine production on intestinal macrophages. We show that intestinal stroma-conditioned media (S-CM) down-regulated monocyte-derived macrophage infection by HIV-1 (pseudotyped with YU2 envelope or vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein) and production of TNF-\u03b1, but preinfection of the cells with CMV reversed this down-regulation, enhancing HIV-1 infection, p24 production, and TNF-\u03b1 release. The ability of CMV to reverse S-CM down-regulation of macrophage HIV-1 infection was blocked by anti-TNF-\u03b1 antibodies and over-ridden by exogenous TNF-\u03b1. Immunohistochemical analysis of monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to CMV and HIV-1 (YU2 pseudotype) revealed that the cells infrequently contained CMV and HIV-1 viral proteins. In addition, analysis of colon tissue sections from HIV-1-infected patients with CMV colitis showed that some macrophage-like cells contained CMV and TNF-\u03b1 proteins, others contained HIV-1 and TNF-\u03b1 proteins, but cells infrequently contained CMV and HIV-1 proteins. These results indicate that CMV blocks stromal product inhibition of HIV-1 infection in macrophages, and this inhibition is mediated, at least in part, by CMV-induced TNF-\u03b1 acting in trans to enhance HIV-1 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0306230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,20]],"date-time":"2006-10-20T20:08:08Z","timestamp":1161374888000},"page":"1111-1117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cytomegalovirus blocks intestinal stroma-induced down-regulation of macrophage HIV-1 infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Akhil","family":"Maheshwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley E","family":"Smythies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Clements","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devin","family":"Eckhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey J","family":"Lazenby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J","family":"Britt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip D","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"VA Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033007485242400_jlb1111-cit-b1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Overview of the mucosal immune system","volume":"146","author":"Brandtzaeg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Curr. 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