{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T05:28:44Z","timestamp":1777354124108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,18]],"date-time":"2008-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1213747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["05\/59471-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05\/59471-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The host defense mechanism in chromoblastomycosis has not been thoroughly investigated. It has been suggested that cell-mediated immunity in patients with long-standing chromoblastomycosis is somehow impaired. As a result, these individuals became unable to develop an efficient immune reaction. Many studies have shown that monocyte-derived macrophages exhibit critical activities in immunity to microorganisms. Moreover, the ability of cells from the monocytic lineage to process and present antigens, to produce cytokines, and to provide costimulatory signals confirms their pivotal role in the initiation of specific immune responses. In the present study, it was observed that monocytes from patients with a severe form of disease had a higher production of IL-10 and a lower expression of HLA-DR and costimulatory molecules when stimulated with specific antigen or LPS. Immune modulation with recombinant IL-12 or anti-IL-10 can restore the antigen-specific Th1-type immune response in chromoblastomycosis patients by up-regulating HLA-DR and costimulatory molecules in monocytes. Therefore, our data show that monocytes from patients with different clinical forms of chromoblastomycosis present distinct phenotypic and functional profiles. This observation suggests possible mechanisms that control the T cell response and influence their role in the development of pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0308211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,19]],"date-time":"2008-06-19T00:54:49Z","timestamp":1213836889000},"page":"864-870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["<i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi<\/i>infection induces differential modulation of costimulatory molecules and cytokines in monocytes from patients with severe and mild forms of chromoblastomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Maria Gl\u00f3ria Teixeira","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o de Maria Pedrozo e Silva","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o , S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds\/Maranh\u00e3o , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosana Cicera","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliver Eid Bou","family":"Ghosn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla Leticia","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Noal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gisele Facholi","family":"Bomfim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sirlei Garcia","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o , S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds\/Maranh\u00e3o , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azizedite Guedes","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o , S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds\/Maranh\u00e3o , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Wagner de Castro Lima","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o , S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds\/Maranh\u00e3o , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro Rogerio","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032712485401000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652004000100006","article-title":"Isolation of Fonsecaea pedrosoi from thorns of Mimosa pudica, a probable natural source of chromoblastomycosis","volume":"46","author":"Salgado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. 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