{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:35:27Z","timestamp":1790937327352,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]],"date-time":"2007-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008460","name":"Consejo de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007351","name":"SECyT-UNC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007351","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y T\u00e9cnica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT 05-14575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 05-14575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polyclonal B cell activation is not a peculiar characteristic to a particular infection, as many viruses, bacteria, and parasites induce a strong polyclonal B cell response resulting in hyper-\u03b3-globulinemia. Here, we discuss the different roles proposed for polyclonal B cell activation, which can be crucial for early host defense against rapidly dividing microorganisms by contributing antibodies specific for a spectrum of conserved structures present in the pathogens. In addition, polyclonal B cell activation can be responsible for maintenance of memory B cell responses because of the continuous, unrestricted stimulation of memory B cells whose antibody production may be sustained in the absence of the antigens binding-specific BCR. Conversely, polyclonal activation can be triggered by microorganisms to avoid the host-specific, immune response by activating B cell clones, which produce nonmicroorganism-specific antibodies. Finally, some reports suggest a deleterious role for polyclonal activation, arguing that it could potentially turn on anti-self-responses and lead to autoimmune manifestations during chronic infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0407214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]],"date-time":"2007-07-05T22:21:53Z","timestamp":1183674113000},"page":"1027-1032","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Polyclonal B cell activation in infections: infectious agents\u2019 devilry or defense mechanism of the host?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Carolina L","family":"Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Chemical Science, National University of C\u00f3rdoba , C\u00f3rdoba , Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva V","family":"Acosta-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Chemical Science, National University of C\u00f3rdoba , C\u00f3rdoba , Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cecilia","family":"Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Chemical Science, National University of C\u00f3rdoba , C\u00f3rdoba , Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela A","family":"Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Chemical Science, National University of C\u00f3rdoba , C\u00f3rdoba , Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Gruppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Chemical Science, National University of C\u00f3rdoba , C\u00f3rdoba , Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01746.x","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase triggers polyclonal B-cell activation","volume":"127","author":"Montes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1995.1022","article-title":"Superantigens induce primary T cell responses to soluble autoantigens by a non-V \u03b2-specific mechanism of bystander activation","volume":"161","author":"Rott","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1997.00291.x","article-title":"Modulation of B-cell activation by the B subunit of Escherichia coli enterotoxin: receptor interaction up-regulates MHC class II, B7, CD40, CD25 and ICAM-1","volume":"91","author":"Nashar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/ni911","article-title":"Hyper\u03b3globulinemia and autoantibody induction mechanisms in viral infections","volume":"4","author":"Hunziker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/0891693031000151247","article-title":"Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 isolated from patients with or without reactive arthritis induces polyclonal activation of B cells and autoantibody production in vivo","volume":"36","author":"Silva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-285.x","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi cytosolic alkaline antigens (FI) induce polyclonal activation in murine normal B cells","volume":"44","author":"Montes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1999.00577.x","article-title":"A Trypanosoma cruzi alkaline antigen induces polyclonal B-cell activation of normal murine spleen cells by T-cell-independent, BCR-directed stimulation","volume":"50","author":"Montes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03712.x","article-title":"Production of autoantibodies associated with polyclonal activation in Yersinia enterocolitica O: 8-infected mice","volume":"49","author":"Ramos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01591-4","article-title":"Lymphocyte polyclonal activation: a pitfall for vaccine design against infectious agents","volume":"16","author":"Reina-San-Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.1990.3.273","article-title":"Polyclonal B cell activation of IgG2a and IgG2b production by infection of mice with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus is partly dependent on CD4+ lymphocytes","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"1990","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-5-1005","article-title":"Polyclonal B lymphocyte activation induced by mouse hepatitis virus A59 infection","volume":"77","author":"Lardans","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(92)90126-9","article-title":"Evidence for polyclonal B cell activation as the mechanism for LCMV-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia","volume":"31","author":"Stellrecht","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","first-page":"14","article-title":"B-cell activation following murine cytomegalovirus infection: implications for autoimmunity","volume":"78","author":"Price","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535537","article-title":"A Trypanosoma cruzi antigen signals CD11b+ cells to secrete cytokines that promote polyclonal B cell proliferation and differentiation into antibody-secreting cells","volume":"36","author":"Montes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1998.00498.x","article-title":"A 24,000 MW Trypanosoma cruzi antigen is a B-cell activator","volume":"94","author":"Da Silva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/14.3.299","article-title":"The Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase is a T cell-independent B cell mitogen and an inducer of non-specific Ig secretion","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","first-page":"189","article-title":"Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens activate naive B cells to produce antibodies: definition of parasite mechanisms of immune deviation","volume":"79","author":"Yamashita","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6588","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.11.6588-6596.2001","article-title":"Dual role of the Leishmania major ribosomal protein S3a homologue in regulation of T- and B-cell activation","volume":"69","author":"Cordeiro-Da-Silva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.3035","article-title":"Increased B cell survival and preferential activation of the memory compartment by a malaria polyclonal B cell activator","volume":"177","author":"Donati","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1196-1203.2006","article-title":"Pathogenesis of B-cell superantigen-induced immune complex-mediated inflammation","volume":"74","author":"Anderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(96)00074-X","article-title":"The induction of polyclonal B-cell activation and interleukin-1 production by the 75-kDa cell surface protein from Porphyromonas gingivalis in mice","volume":"41","author":"Watanabe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.3931","article-title":"HIV-1 envelope triggers polyclonal Ig class switch recombination through a CD40-independent mechanism involving BAFF and C-type lectin receptors","volume":"176","author":"He","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02456134","article-title":"Influenza A virus hemagglutinin is a B cell-superstimulatory lectin","volume":"184","author":"Rott","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.31.1.362-370.1981","article-title":"Biological activities of Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharides","volume":"31","author":"Moreno","year":"1981","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.47.3.638-647.1985","article-title":"Biochemical and immunobiological properties of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Bacteroides gingivalis and comparison with LPS from Escherichia coli","volume":"47","author":"Koga","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-9-2167","article-title":"N-glycans on the short ectodomain of the primary envelope glycoprotein play a major role in the polyclonal activation of B cells by lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus","volume":"81","author":"Plagemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4479","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.7.4479","article-title":"CpG DNA induces IgG class switch DNA recombination by activating human B cells through an innate pathway that requires TLR9 and cooperates with IL-10","volume":"173","author":"He","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(99)80036-9","article-title":"Immunostimulatory properties of genomic DNA from different bacterial species","volume":"200","author":"Neujahr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2162-2171.2001","article-title":"DNA from protozoan parasites Babesia bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei is mitogenic for B lymphocytes and stimulates macrophage expression of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, and nitric oxide","volume":"69","author":"Shoda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00700-4","article-title":"Recognition of CpG DNA is mediated by signaling pathways dependent on the adaptor protein MyD88","volume":"10","author":"Schnare","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064842","article-title":"CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects","volume":"20","author":"Krieg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.7.3749","article-title":"Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: evidence for TLR4 as the LPS gene product","volume":"162","author":"Hoshino","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","first-page":"98","article-title":"Bacteria and bacterial cell wall constituents induce the production of regulatory cytokines in dendritic cell clones","volume":"46","author":"Riva","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(99)00005-5","article-title":"Dendritic cell activation induced by various stimuli, e.g. exposure to microorganisms, their products, cytokines, and simple chemicals as well as adhesion to extracellular matrix","volume":"20","author":"Aiba","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/13.9.1185","article-title":"Distinct requirements for IL-6 in polyclonal and specific Ig production induced by microorganisms","volume":"13","author":"Markine-Goriaynoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8900","article-title":"Murine cytomegalovirus infection-induced polyclonal B cell activation is independent of CD4+ T cells and CD40","volume":"240","author":"Karupiah","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000019108","article-title":"Interleukin-15 enhances HIV-1-driven polyclonal B-cell response in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Kacani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Immunogenet."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.2.1075-1079.1999","article-title":"Non-antigen-specific B-cell activation following murine \u03b3herpesvirus infection is CD4 independent in vitro but CD4 dependent in vivo","volume":"73","author":"Stevenson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.3.729-731.1992","article-title":"Phenotypic profile and functional characteristics of human and \u03b4 T cells during acute toxoplasmosis","volume":"30","author":"De Paoli","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.3.855-862.1994","article-title":"Polyclonal expansion of peripheral \u03b3 \u03b4 T cells in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"62","author":"Ho","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.4.1608-1610.1995","article-title":"Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-stimulated human \u03b3\/\u03b4 T cells support antibody production by B cells","volume":"63","author":"Munk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/3.5.427","article-title":"Xid immunodeficiency imparts increased parasite clearance and resistance to pathology in experimental Chagas\u2019 disease","volume":"3","author":"Minoprio","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01844.x","article-title":"Peripheral B-cell CD5 expansion and CD81 overexpression and their association with disease severity and autoimmune markers in chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"128","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023234823783","article-title":"Presence of activated B-1 cells in chronic inflamed gingival tissue","volume":"18","author":"Aramaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00953.x","article-title":"Depletion of peritoneal CD5+ B cells has no effect on the course of Leishmania major infection in susceptible and resistant mice","volume":"117","author":"Babai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830191129","article-title":"Human marginal zone B cells are not an activated B cell subset: strong expression of CD21 as a putative mediator for rapid B cell activation","volume":"19","author":"Timens","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2000.imr017515.x","article-title":"B-cell subsets and the mature preimmune repertoire. Marginal zone and B1 B cells as part of a \u201cnatural immune memory\u201d","volume":"175","author":"Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.2429","article-title":"Activation of marginal zone B cells from lupus mice with type A(D) CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides","volume":"174","author":"Brummel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7198","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.12.7198","article-title":"IgMhighCD21high lymphocytes enriched in the splenic marginal zone generate effector cells more rapidly than the bulk of follicular B cells","volume":"162","author":"Oliver","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4308","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.7.4308","article-title":"Rapid response of marginal zone B cells to viral particles","volume":"173","author":"Gatto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00129-7","article-title":"Marginal zone and B1 B cells unite in the early response against T-independent blood-borne particulate antigens","volume":"14","author":"Martin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01487.x","article-title":"Most B cells in acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection lack parasite specificity","volume":"28","author":"Minoprio","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339200100203","article-title":"Autoimmunity, polyclonal B-cell activation and infection","volume":"1","author":"Granholm","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5447.2156","article-title":"Control of early viral and bacterial distribution and disease by natural antibodies","volume":"286","author":"Ochsenbein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.8.1165","article-title":"Protective T cell-independent antiviral antibody responses are dependent on complement","volume":"190","author":"Ochsenbein","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076071","article-title":"Maintenance of serological memory by polyclonal activation of human memory B cells","volume":"298","author":"Bernasconi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200402010-00002","article-title":"Detection and enumeration of circulating HIV-1-specific memory B cells in HIV-1-infected patients","volume":"35","author":"Fondere","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"2023033006293294500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3229","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535179","article-title":"Virus-induced polyclonal B cell activation improves protective CTL memory via retained CD27 expression on memory CTL","volume":"35","author":"Matter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Leukocyte Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1189%2Fjlb.0407214","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article-pdf\/82\/5\/1027\/49638453\/jlb1027.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article-pdf\/82\/5\/1027\/49638453\/jlb1027.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T17:42:37Z","timestamp":1683913357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article\/82\/5\/1027\/6975498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0407214","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-5400","1938-3673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-5400","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-3673","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]]}}}