{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:37:57Z","timestamp":1785206277089,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,21]],"date-time":"2009-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1248134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Early after burn injury, CCL2 converts resident mesenteric lymph node macrophages to M2a and M2c macrophages that decrease host antibacterial innate immunity against sepsis stemming from Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Here, we investigated a role of CCL2 on the increased susceptibility of severely burned mice to Enterococcus faecalis translocation. After inoculation of M\u03d5 from MLM\u03d5 of normal mice, 80% of the SCIDbgMN mice orally infected with the lethal dose of E. faecalis survived, and all mice inoculated with MLM\u03d5 from thermally injured mice died. At this time, SCIDbgMN mice inoculated with MLM\u03d5 from thermally injured CCL2\u2212\/\u2212 mice were shown to be resistant (90% survival). M1M\u03d5 were not induced by E. faecalis antigen in cultures of MLM\u03d5 from thermally injured wild-type mice, and MLM\u03d5 from thermally injured CCL2\u2212\/\u2212 mice converted to M1M\u03d5 after the antigen stimulation. MLM\u03d5 from wild-type mice 2 days postburn injury possessed M2a- and M2cM\u03d5 properties, and those from mice 7\u201321 days postburn injury carried M2bM\u03d5 properties. However, MLM\u03d5 from thermally injured CCL2\u2212\/\u2212 mice did not show any typical properties for M2a- or M2cM\u03d5. CCL17 and CXCL13 (biomarkers for M2a- and M2cM\u03d5), but not CCL1 (a biomarker of M2bM\u03d5), were produced by MLM\u03d5 from thermally injured CCL2\u2212\/\u2212 mice treated with rCCL2. These results indicate that CCL2 converts resident MLM\u03d5 to M2a- and M2cM\u03d5, detected early after burn injury, and decreases host antibacterial innate immunity against sepsis stemming from oral E. faecalis infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0409235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,22]],"date-time":"2009-07-22T02:33:29Z","timestamp":1248230009000},"page":"999-1005","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["<i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i> translocation in mice with severe burn injury: a pathogenic role of CCL2 and alternatively activated macrophages (M2aM\u03d5 and M2cM\u03d5)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Shigematsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Asai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makiko","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children , Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David N","family":"Herndon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children , Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fujio","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children , Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032913010235700_jlb0999-cit-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(97)80152-5","article-title":"Innate immunity: impact on the adaptive immune response","volume":"9","author":"Medzhitov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. 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