{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T16:30:30Z","timestamp":1775838630225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNR"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>mTGase-mediated transamidation of wheat flour reverses the T cell mediated inflammatory response in models of gliadin sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CD is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of wheat gluten. The modification of gluten by intestinal tTGase plays a crucial role in CD pathogenesis. In this study, we observed that extensive transamidation of wheat flour with K-C2H5 by mTGase yielded spf and K-gliadins fractions. By Western blot, we found that these modifications were associated with strongly reduced immune cross-reactivity. With the use of DQ8 tg mice as a model of gluten sensitivity, we observed a dramatic reduction in IFN\u03b3 production in gliadin-specific spleen cells challenged with spf and K-gliadins in vitro (n=12; median values: 813 vs. 29 and 99; control vs. spf and K-gliadins, P=0.012 for spf, and P=0.003 for K-gliadins). For spf, we also observed an increase in the IL-10\/IFN\u03b3 protein ratio (n=12; median values: 0.3 vs. 4.7; control vs. spf, P=0.005). In intestinal biopsies from CD patients challenged in vitro with gliadins (n=10), we demonstrated further that K-gliadins dramatically reduced the levels of antigen-specific IFN\u03b3 mRNA in all specimens responsive to native gliadins (four of 10; P&amp;lt;0.05). As cytotoxic effects have been described for gliadins, we also studied GST and caspase-3 activities using the enterocytic Caco-2 cell line. We found that neither activities were modified by flour transamidation. Our results indicate that K-C2H5 cross-linking via mTGase specifically affects gliadin immunogenicity, reversing the inducible inflammatory response in models of gluten sensitivity without affecting other aspects of the biological activity of gliadins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0412182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T06:09:47Z","timestamp":1351577387000},"page":"479-488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Selective inhibition of the gliadin-specific, cell-mediated immune response by transamidation with microbial transglutaminase"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bergamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Maurano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Bozzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diomira","family":"Luongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mazzarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Rotondi Aufiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Iaquinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, San G. Moscati Hospital , Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012312531790100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60254-3","article-title":"Coeliac disease","volume":"373","author":"Di Sabatino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023012312531790100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.059","article-title":"Increased prevalence and mortality in undiagnosed celiac disease","volume":"137","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023012312531790100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03502.x","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of coeliac disease over time","volume":"26","author":"Lohi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment. 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