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Hair- and nail-specific keratins are discussed as potential candidates, which we controlled in C3H\/HeJ mice that develop AA spontaneously or after skin transplantation. From nine keratins, K71 and K31 peptides supported T cell activation when presented by DCs to syngeneic naive T cells, and young C3H\/HeJ mice receiving s.c. injections of peptide-loaded DC developed AA. The frequency of K71- and K31-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased four- to fivefold by vaccination, which corresponds with the frequency seen in skin transplantation-induced AA mice. Also, accessory molecule expression, the cytokine profile with a dominance of IFN-\u03b3-expressing T cells, the proliferative response against AA lysate or peptide-loaded DCs, as well as peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells were similar in keratin peptide- and skin transplantation-induced AA. Instead, vaccination with soluble K71 or K31 peptides significantly retarded AA induction and prevented progression. Soluble peptide vaccination did not provoke immunosuppression but induced long-lasting T cell anergy with unresponsiveness to DC-presented K71 and K31 peptides. Thus, keratins K71 and K31 contribute to AA induction, and peptide application in a nonimmunogenic form serves as an efficient therapeutic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0413196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]],"date-time":"2013-07-02T01:13:17Z","timestamp":1372727597000},"page":"845-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Tolerance induction by hair-specific keratins in murine alopecia areata"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Erb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery , Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Freyschmidt-Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Dermatology, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Z\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery , Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032711555510800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1103442","article-title":"Alopecia areata","volume":"366","author":"Gilhar","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. 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