{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T06:03:20Z","timestamp":1789884200969,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique M\u00e9dicale; by Actions de Recherche Concert\u00e9es, Communaut\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Belgique, Direction de la Recherche Scientifique"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7-HEALTH-F4-2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-HEALTH-F4-2008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Review on the function of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in lung fibrosis development.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The discovery of several subsets of CD4+ Th lymphocytes has contributed to refine and to challenge our understanding of the roles of CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung diseases. Here, we review recent findings, indicating that CD4+ T subpopulations possess contrasting pro- and antifibrotic activities in human and experimental lung fibrosis. Special attention is given to delineate the activity of the newly discovered CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets (Tregs, Th22, and Th9) on fibroblast function and matrix deposition through the release of growth factors, cytokines, and eicosanoids. It appears that the function of a CD4+ T lymphocyte subset or of a cytokine can differ with the disease stage (acute vs. chronic), pulmonary localization (bronchial vs. alveolar), cellular level (epithelial cell vs. fibroblast), or immune environment (inflammatory or immunosuppressive). Integrating our recent understanding of the contrasting functions of T lymphocyte subsets in fibrosis provides new insights and opportunities for improved treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0512261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,17]],"date-time":"2012-11-17T01:29:08Z","timestamp":1353115748000},"page":"499-510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["CD4+ T lymphocytes in lung fibrosis: diverse subsets, diverse functions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Lo Re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Lison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Huaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012312531688600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.85","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis, etiology and regulation","volume":"2","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"2023012312531688600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2958","article-title":"Strategies for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Du Bois","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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