{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T13:33:52Z","timestamp":1772372032040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,16]],"date-time":"2004-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1103155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In premature infants, inflammatory conditions in the lungs may result in the development of chronic lung disease. As neutrophil apoptosis is important for the resolution of inflammation and prevention of tissue injury, we set out to determine the extent of neutrophil apoptosis in tracheal aspirate samples from premature infants. Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-\u03baB, which causes a delay in neutrophil apoptosis, was also investigated. We obtained 68 tracheal aspirate samples from 27 infants with median gestation and birthweight of 26 weeks and 860 g, respectively. Apoptosis was assessed by immunofluorescent detection of the active form of caspase-3, this assay being validated with peripheral blood neutrophils. Activation of NF-\u03baB was monitored by the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit, detected by immunofluorescence. Cleaved caspase-3 was detected in 11 of the 68 samples, and a median of 40% of the neutrophils showed activated caspase-3 (range 3\u201392%). A majority of the samples did not show evidence of apoptosis. Caspase activation was seen in cells with multilobed nuclear morphology, suggesting that early apoptosis was detectable. There was no significant difference in respiratory outcomes between infants with or without neutrophil apoptosis. Seventeen of the 68 samples (25%) had evidence of activated NF-\u03baB, and a median of 20% (range 6\u201341%) of neutrophils showed activation. In all but one tracheal aspirate sample, there was a mutually exclusive relationship between activated caspase-3 and NF-\u03baB activation, which supports in vitro observations that NF-\u03baB activation delays neutrophil apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0904520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,17]],"date-time":"2004-12-17T01:23:37Z","timestamp":1103246617000},"page":"432-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection of apoptosis by caspase-3 activation in tracheal aspirate neutrophils from premature infants: relationship with NF-\u03baB activation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Fook-Choe","family":"Cheah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Free Radical Research Group, University of Otago , New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago , New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark B","family":"Hampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Free Radical Research Group, University of Otago , New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian A","family":"Darlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago , New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine C","family":"Winterbourn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Free Radical Research Group, University of Otago , New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margret C M","family":"Vissers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Free Radical Research Group, University of Otago , New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033023031874100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113970","article-title":"Macrophage phagocytosis of aging neutrophils in inflammation: programmed cell death in the neutrophil leads to its recognition by macrophages","volume":"83","author":"Savill","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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