{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:24:30Z","timestamp":1791239070062,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,16]],"date-time":"2003-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1055721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Program on AIDS"},{"name":"Opportunistic Infections and Tuberculosis"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R03TW01201-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03TW01201-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The ability of encapsulated andacapsular strains of Cryptococcus neoformans to activate dendritic cells (DC) derived from monocytes stimulated with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 was evaluated. Profound differences in DC response to encapsulated and acapsular C. neoformans strains were observed. In particular, (i) the acapsular strain was easily phagocytosed by immature DC, and the process induced several molecular markers, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II, CD40, and CD83, which are characteristic of mature DC; (ii) the encapsulated strain did not up-regulate MHC class I and class II and CD83 molecules; (iii) the soluble capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) is unable to regulate MHC class I and class II molecules; (iv) the addition of monoclonal antibody to GXM (anti-GXM) to the encapsulated strain facilitated antigen-presenting cell maturation by promoting ingestion of C. neoformans via Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G (Fc\u03b3R)II (CD32) and Fc\u03b3RIII (CD16); (v) pertubation of FcR\u03b3II or Fc\u03b3RIII was insufficient to promote DC maturation; and (vi) optimal DC maturation permitted efficient T cell activation and differentiation, as documented by the enhancement of lymphoproliferation and interferon-\u03b3 production. These results indicate that the C. neoformans capsule interferes with DC activation and maturation, indicating a new pathway by which the fungus may avoid an efficient T cell response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1002476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,29]],"date-time":"2003-08-29T20:50:15Z","timestamp":1062190215000},"page":"370-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["The polysaccharide capsule of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> interferes with human dendritic cell maturation and activation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Vecchiarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Pietrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bistoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane C","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Casadevall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033100464462400_jlb0370-cit-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.9.3245","article-title":"Dendritic cells: unique leukocyte populations which control the primary immune response","volume":"90","author":"Hart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023033100464462400_jlb0370-cit-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1287","article-title":"New insights into the mobilization and phagocytic activity of dendritic cells","volume":"183","author":"Austyn","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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