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Ligands for chemokine receptors expressed on APC may be attractive candidates, as they can both target and attract APC. To investigate the requirement for APC recruitment, we used a pair of viral chemokines, agonist herpes simplex virus 8-derived macrophage inflammatory protein\u2013I (vMIP-I) and antagonist MC148, which induce and suppress chemotaxis, respectively. Chemokine-antigen fusions efficiently delivered a model nonimmunogenic tumor antigen to APC for processing and presentation to antigen-specific T cells in vitro. Physical linkage of chemokine and antigen and specific binding of chemokine receptor by the fusion protein were required. Mice immunized with vMIP-I or MC148 fusion DNA vaccines elicited protection against tumor challenge. Therefore, vaccine efficacy depends primarily on the ability of the carrier to target antigen delivery to APC for subsequent processing and presentation, and chemotaxis directly induced by the chemokine moiety in the fusion may not be necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1003481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T00:44:35Z","timestamp":1081817075000},"page":"77-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Genetic fusions with viral chemokines target delivery of nonimmunogenic antigen to trigger antitumor immunity independent of chemotaxis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Pier Adelchi","family":"Ruffini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Oncologia Medica Falck, Ospedale Niguarda Ca\u2019 Granda , Milan, (on leave of absence), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arya","family":"Biragyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging , Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Coscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick , Maryland"},{"name":"Divisione di Ematologia dell'Universita\u2019 di Torino, Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica, CeRMS, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Battista , Torino, (on leave of absence), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda K","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick , Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soung-Chul","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick , Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjarne","family":"Bogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo, National Hospital , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry W","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute , Frederick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033100024849700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270941","article-title":"The mannose receptor functions as a high capacity and broad specificity antigen receptor in human dendritic cells","volume":"27","author":"Engering","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. 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