{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:39:19Z","timestamp":1791200359505,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015383","name":"Foundation for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SLO"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kupffer cells are endocytic, yet weak producers of proinflammatory cytokines, as compared against splenic and peritoneal macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The immunostimulatory role of Kupffer cells in various inflammatory liver diseases is still not fully understood. In this study, phenotypic and functional aspects of Kupffer cells from healthy C57BL\/6 mice were analyzed and compared with those of splenic and peritoneal macrophages to generate a blueprint of the cells under steady-state conditions. In the mouse liver, only one population of Kupffer cells was identified as F4\/80highCD11blow cells. We observed that freshy isolated Kupffer cells are endocytic and show a relatively high basal ROS content. Interestingly, despite expression of TLR mRNA on Kupffer cells, ligation of TLR4, TLR7\/8, and TLR9 resulted in a weak induction of IL-10, low or undetectable levels of IL-12p40 and TNF, and up-regulation of CD40 on the surface. Kupffer cells and splenic macrophages show functional similarities, in comparison with peritoneal macrophages, as reflected by comparable levels of TLR4, TLR7\/8, and TLR9 mRNA and low or undetectable levels of TNF and IL-12p40 produced upon TLR ligation. The unique, functional characteristics of Kupffer cells, demonstrated in this study, suggest that Kupffer cells under steady-state conditions are specialized as phagocytes to clear and degrade particulates and only play a limited immunoregulatory role via the release of soluble mediators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1111566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]],"date-time":"2012-06-08T23:55:36Z","timestamp":1339199736000},"page":"723-733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Kupffer cells express a unique combination of phenotypic and functional characteristics compared with splenic and peritoneal macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Dowty","family":"Movita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Kreefft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Biesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri","family":"van Oudenaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter J M","family":"Leenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry L A","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Boonstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012312562273000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132629","article-title":"The liver as a lymphoid organ","volume":"27","author":"Crispe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. 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