{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:43:33Z","timestamp":1793231013254,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]],"date-time":"2014-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK087625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK087625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P40 OD012217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P40 OD012217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008680","name":"University of Puerto Rico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI094603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI094603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008680","name":"University of Puerto Rico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI084142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI084142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type I IFNs play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity against viral infections. A novel type I IFN, namely IFN-\u025b, which can protect against vaginal transmission of HSV2 and Chlamydia muridarum bacterial infection, has been described in mice and humans. Nevertheless, the principle cell type and the expression pattern of IFN-\u025b in tissues remain uncertain. In addition, the expression of IFN-\u025b in Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) has not been reported. Here, we analyzed IFN-\u025b expression in multiple mucosal sites of uninfected or SIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques using IHCS. We report for the first time the detection of IFN-\u025b expression in situ in the lung, foreskin, vaginal, cervical, and small and large intestinal mucosae of rhesus macaques. We found that the expression of IFN-\u025b was exclusive to the epithelial cells in all of the aforementioned mucosal tissues. Furthermore, the macaque IFN-\u025b sequence in this study revealed that macaque IFN-\u025b is highly conserved among human and other nonhuman primates. Lastly, SIV rectal infection did not significantly alter the expression of IFN-\u025b in rectal mucosae. Together, these findings indicate that IFN-\u025b may function as the first line of defense against the invasion of mucosal pathogens. Further studies should be conducted to examine IFN-\u025b protection against gastrointestinal as well as respiratory infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3a0214-088rrr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]],"date-time":"2014-08-20T03:26:18Z","timestamp":1408505178000},"page":"1101-1107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The mucosal expression pattern of interferon-\u025b in rhesus macaques"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Demers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guobin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fungrui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuxun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioqual , Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmundo N","family":"Kraiselburd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Zoology, University of Puerto Rico\u2013School of Medicine , San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Montaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.227","article-title":"How cells respond to interferons","volume":"67","author":"Stark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","first-page":"258","article-title":"Virus interference. I. The interferon","volume":"147","author":"Isaacs","year":"1957","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London"},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00390-4","article-title":"IRF3 mediates a TLR3\/TLR4-specific antiviral gene program","volume":"17","author":"Doyle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6668","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.12.6668","article-title":"Cutting edge: a novel Toll\/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-beta promoter in the Toll-like receptor signaling","volume":"169","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.009","article-title":"Type I interferon [corrected] gene induction by the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors","volume":"25","author":"Honda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1008-1097","article-title":"RAPping production of type I interferon in pDCs through mTOR","volume":"9","author":"Costa-Mattioli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2004.03.003","article-title":"Characterization of the type I interferon locus and identification of novel genes","volume":"84","author":"Hardy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7835","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602460103","article-title":"Neurons produce type I interferon during viral encephalitis","volume":"103","author":"Delhaye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2006.12.013","article-title":"Purification of recombinant human interferon-epsilon and oligonucleotide microarray analysis of interferon-epsilon-regulated genes","volume":"53","author":"Peng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Protein Expr. Purif."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00198.2009","article-title":"Differential expression and activity of the porcine type I interferon family","volume":"42","author":"Sang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Genomics"},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233321","article-title":"Interferon-epsilon protects the female reproductive tract from viral and bacterial infection","volume":"339","author":"Fung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71320","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071320","article-title":"IFN-epsilon is constitutively expressed by cells of the reproductive tract and is inefficiently secreted by fibroblasts and cell lines","volume":"8","author":"Hermant","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7158","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7158","article-title":"Differential effects of the type I interferons alpha4, beta, and epsilon on antiviral activity and vaccine efficacy","volume":"180","author":"Day","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4542","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.7.4542","article-title":"IFN-epsilon mediates TNF-alpha-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and induction of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I in human cervical cancer cells","volume":"179","author":"Matsumiya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gam028","article-title":"Seminal plasma differentially regulates inflammatory cytokine gene expression in human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells","volume":"13","author":"Sharkey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7158","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7158","article-title":"Differential effects of the type I interferons alpha4, beta, and epsilon on antiviral activity and vaccine efficacy","volume":"180","author":"Day","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07831","article-title":"Glycerol monolaurate prevents mucosal SIV transmission","volume":"458","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03513","article-title":"Peak SIV replication in resting memory CD4+ T cells depletes gut lamina propria CD4+ T cells","volume":"434","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803222","article-title":"Microarray analysis of lymphatic tissue reveals stage-specific, gene expression signatures in HIV-1 infection","volume":"183","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","article-title":"MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput","volume":"32","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010","article-title":"New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0","volume":"59","author":"Guindon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1086\/651274","article-title":"Relative transmissibility of an R5 clade C simian-human immunodeficiency virus across different mucosae in macaques parallels the relative risks of sexual HIV-1 transmission in humans via different routes","volume":"201","author":"Chenine","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2023032708383494400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-5-113","article-title":"MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity","volume":"5","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Leukocyte Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1189%2Fjlb.3A0214-088RRR","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article-pdf\/96\/6\/1101\/49581430\/jlb1101.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article-pdf\/96\/6\/1101\/49581430\/jlb1101.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T04:14:01Z","timestamp":1689480841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article\/96\/6\/1101\/6935882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.3a0214-088rrr","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-5400","1938-3673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-5400","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-3673","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]]}}}