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It has been estimated to contribute to \u223c45% of deaths in the developed world. Therefore, agents that target specific fibrotic pathways, with the consequence of slowing, arresting, or even reversing the progression of tissue fibrogenesis, are urgently needed. 7-Bromo-6-chloro-3-[3-(3-hydroxy-2-piperidinyl)-2-oxopropyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone (halofuginone), an analog of febrifugine, which specifically targets the pathogenesis of ECM proteins, inhibits tissue fibrosis and regeneration and even affects the development of tumors in various tissues. Four modes of actions of halofuginone against fibrosis have been presented: 1) Inhibition of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) phosphorylation downstream of the TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathway, 2) reduction of collagen amounts, 3) decreases in ECM protein, and 4) selective prevention of Th17 cell differentiation. In this review, we will mainly focus on the rationale for halofuginone against fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3ru0417-148rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,7]],"date-time":"2017-10-07T00:40:16Z","timestamp":1507336816000},"page":"1333-1345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The role of halofuginone in fibrosis: more to be explored?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Yin","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023013012235070500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110551","article-title":"Integrating mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"208","author":"Wynn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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