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The success of B. abortus as a chronic pathogen relies on its ability to orchestrate different strategies to evade the adaptive CD4+ T cell responses that it elicits. Previously, we demonstrated that B. abortus inhibits the IFN-\u03b3-induced surface expression of MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules on human monocytes, and this phenomenon correlated with a reduction in antigen presentation. However, the molecular mechanisms, whereby B. abortus is able to down-regulate the expression of MHC-II, remained to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that B. abortus infection inhibits the IFN-\u03b3-induced transcription of MHC-II, transactivator (CIITA) and MHC-II genes. Accordingly, we observed that the synthesis of MHC-II proteins was also diminished. B. abortus was not only able to reduce the expression of mature MHC-II, but it also inhibited the expression of invariant chain (Ii)-associated immature MHC-II molecules. Outer membrane protein 19 (Omp19), a prototypical B. abortus lipoprotein, diminished the expression of MHC-II and CIITA transcripts to the same extent as B. abortus infection. IL-6 contributes to these down-regulatory phenomena. In addition, B. abortus and its lipoproteins, through IL-6 secretion, induced the transcription of the negative regulators of IFN-\u03b3 signaling, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 and -3, without interfering with STAT1 activation. Yet, B. abortus lipoproteins via IL-6 inhibit the expression of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), a critical regulatory transcription factor for CIITA induction. Overall, these results indicate that B. abortus inhibits the expression of MHC-II molecules at very early points in their synthesis and in this way, may prevent recognition by T cells establishing a chronic infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4a0416-196r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]],"date-time":"2016-10-21T02:49:07Z","timestamp":1477018147000},"page":"759-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["<i>Brucella abortus<\/i> down-regulates MHC class II by the IL-6-dependent inhibition of CIITA through the downmodulation of IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Lis N","family":"Vel\u00e1squez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas-Academia Nacional de Medicina , Buenos Aires , Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M Ayel\u00e9n","family":"Milillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas-Academia Nacional de Medicina , Buenos Aires , Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M Victoria","family":"Delpino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Inmunolog\u00eda, Gen\u00e9tica y Metabolismo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas , Buenos Aires , Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldana","family":"Trotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas-Academia Nacional de Medicina , Buenos Aires , Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Inmunolog\u00eda, Gen\u00e9tica y Metabolismo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas , Buenos Aires , Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto G","family":"Pozner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas-Academia Nacional de Medicina , Buenos Aires , Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Freidrich Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Balboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas-Academia Nacional de Medicina , Buenos Aires , Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo H","family":"Giambartolomei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Inmunolog\u00eda, Gen\u00e9tica y Metabolismo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas , Buenos Aires , Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Barrionuevo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas-Academia Nacional de Medicina , Buenos Aires , Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011712060969000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00078-7","article-title":"What is the nature of the replicative niche of a stealthy bug named","volume":"11","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brucella? 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